Background: This study provides further evidence for improvement of memory by oral consumption of nutmeg. The present study was undertaken with an objective to study the effects of oral administration of nutmeg on memory boosting and regaining. Methods: Here we investigate the influence of oral intake of nutmeg on behavioral task performance by using T-maze and radial arm maze and physiological measures relative to a milk control group. Results: We have observed significant memory boosting and memory regaining effects of nutmeg when administered orally. This effect may be due to facilitation of acetylcholine activity by decreasing acetylcholinesterase activity of nutmeg. Hence we recommend further research in this area by investigating compound metabolism to optimize quantification of memory performance following nutmeg consumption.

Background: Paclitaxel and carboplatin are standard operating procedure for chemotherapy treatment of cervical cancer squamous cell carcinoma at Sanglah General Hospital, Bali-Indonesia. Chemotherapy improves outcome of cancer treatment. However, chemotherapy brings also a variety of adverse effects and complications. This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic and adverse effects of chemotherapy in patients with squamous cell cervical cancer. Methods: This is a case study of six patients with cervical cancer underwent chemotherapy paclitaxel and carboplatin 3-series at Sanglah General Hospital, Bali-Indonesia during January to November 2013. The therapeutic effect of chemotherapy was assessed from cervical cancer tumor mass measured before and after chemotherapy 3-series. The adverse effect of chemotherapy was determined from hemoglobin levels measured before and after chemotherapy. Data were analyzed using a paired t-test with a level of confidence of 95% using the SPSS to find out the differences. Results: In this study we found that there is a difference between tumor mass pre and post 3 series chemotherapy within p < 0.05. In term of toxic effect, we also obtained that there were difference of hemoglobin between pre and post of treatment within p < 0.05. Conclusion: Paclitaxel carboplatin as a chemotherapy drug in patients with cervical cancer is highly recomended when seen from the effects of reduced tumor size, and has a low side effect of anemia (anemia grade 1).

Background

Numerous studies have shown that procalcitonin (PCT) was not related to degree of trauma. High PCT serum levels have been found in patients with bacterial or fungal infection and also in acute phase of trauma. Currently, there has been no research discussed about changes in serum levels of PCT in particular head injuries and severe head injuries. Moderate and severe head injuries were common trauma cases in Emergency Room (ER) and had high mortality rate. Based on Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), moderate and severe head injuries were scored between 3 and 13. This research aim to determine whether high blood levels PCT can be used as a predictor of the occurrence of SIRS. Method: A cohort prospective study was applied in this research to determine high blood levels of PCT as a predictor for SIRS in moderate and severe head injury. This study was conducted from June 2013 - August 2013 at Sanglah General Hospital with 40 research subjects. Data was presented in tables and analyzed with Chi Square test at 95% CI and p <0.05% was considered significant. Results: From the 40 samples, there were 34 males (85%) and 6 females (15%), 18 samples (45%) had moderate head injury and 22 samples (65%) had severe head injury. One sample (2.5 %) was 0-10 years old, 15 samples (37.5%) were 10-20 years old, 13 samples (32.5%) were 20-40 years old, 7 samples (17.5%) were 40-60 years old and 4 samples (10%) were>60 years old. PCT levels in the blood obtained on day first were normal in 6 samples (15%) and elevated in 34 samples (85%), SIRS (+) were found in 35 samples (87.5%) and 5 samples (12.5%) were SIRS (-). Using bivariate analysis between PCT levels and SIRS showed p = 0.000 (p < 0.05), and multivariate analysis of the control variables showed no significant correlation between variables with PCT levels. Conclusion: From 40 samples moderate head injury and severe head injury, there were 34 samples (85%) with elevated PCT level on the first day, while 35 samples (87.5%) had SIRS on the third day (p=0,000, CI=95%). Elevated PCT level could be used as a predictor for SIRS in moderate and severe head injury patients.

Background: Non neurological outcome postsurgical stabilization in C-spine injury has not been reported. Non neurological outcome i.e. the risk of lung infection (pneumonia), systemic inflammation response syndrome (SIRS), length of postoperative care (LOPOC) which can compromise the recovery process and treatment period. This study aims to investigate non neurological outcome comparison after early surgical stabilization (ESS) and delayed surgical stabilization (DSS) in patients with C-spine fractures. Methods: The author retrospectively reviews 59 of 108 consecutive patients who met the inclusion criteria with C-spine fractures who underwent surgical stabilization at the Sanglah General Hospital, between 2007 and 2010. Consisting of 25 patients underwent ESS and 34 patients were treated by DSS. The last follow up period range was 3-36 months. Non neurological outcome were evaluated and compared; the risk of pneumonia, SIRS and LOPOC. Results: Significant statistically between ESS and DSS in; the risk of pneumonia (ESS: DSS= 1:9) by Chi-square-test (p=0.023); the risk of SIRS (ESS: DSS= 1:11) by Chi-square-test (p=0.008); and the LOPOC (ESS: DSS= 6.84:9.97) by independent t-test (p=0.000). Application of ESS for C-spine fractures could provide early mobilization, prompt treatment and facilitate early rehabilitation thus significantly reduces complications due to prolong immobilization and reduces LOPOC. Conclussion: It can be concluded that the ESS strategy is effective and efficient thus may propose an option of surgical timing in C-spine fractures.

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic eczematous skin disease that develops in a patient with atopic diathesis, which is characterized by an increased liability to produce IgE antibodies for allergens mostly derived from environmental or inhalant allergens and food allergens. They are produced by cell-mediated allergic contact reactions, and recently contact sensitivity to various environmental allergens has been demonstrated in patients with AD. Atopic patients are recognized by their ability to produce large amounts of specific IgE antibodies to common substances as environmental allergens, i.e. house dust mites, grass pollens, animal danders, molds, food, etc. These antibodies can be detected by skin prick test. The aim of this study was to identify the sensitization against environmental or inhalants allergens through skin prick tests in the patients with atopic dermatitis. Material and Methods: This is a retrospective, descriptive study. We revised all medical records of patients with AD since January 2002 to December 2004 in the Out Patients Unit of Sanglah General Hospital, Bali-Indonesia. The variables studied were: gender, age, work related, diagnosis associates to AD, and prick test of environmental allergens. Results: In 3 years periods we had revised 46 of patients with AD that was done skin prick tests. The median age was 38 years (range 29-54 years), 34/46 (73.9 %) of these were male and 12 (26.1 %) female. Twenty nine patients presented pure AD, and 17 patients had AD with asthma and allergic rhinitis. Only 16 (34.7%) of patients had no history of allergic disease. Thirsty six of 46 (78.20%) of all tested AD patients had a positive skin prick tests against inhalant (aeroallergens) 16 patients and food allergens 21 patients. Sixteen patients with positive of skin test include; dust mite in 12 patients, animal dander in 10 patients, grass pollen in 9 patients and cockroach in 6 patients. Conclusion: We concluded that Environmental work related particularly dust-mite were significant that contributed to symptoms exacerbation and positive skin prick test. The skin prick tests are important methods to determine inhalant allergens in work related that exacerbation of AD patients.