Mindfulness eating based on spiritual interventions on diet compliance and blood sugar levels in type 2 DM patients

Riska Rohmawati; Lono Wijayanti; Ratna Yunita Sari; Imamatul Faizah; Rahayu Anggraini

doi:10.15562/bmj.v12i2.4317

Mindfulness eating based on spiritual interventions on diet compliance and blood sugar levels in type 2 DM patients

Riska Rohmawati ,

Lono Wijayanti ,

Ratna Yunita Sari ,

Imamatul Faizah ,

Rahayu Anggraini ,

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v12i2.4317 |
Published: 2023-06-21

Abstract

Introduction: Diet is one component of diabetes mellitus (DM) self-management for controlling blood sugar levels. Several obstacles in the implementation of the diet program have the potential for non-compliance, so that blood sugar levels tend to increase. Mindfulness eating based on spiritual intervention is one of the interventions that is expected to form adaptive eating behavior control to achieve dietary compliance and controlled blood sugar levels. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of mindfulness eating based on spiritual intervention on dietary compliance and blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: The study's quasi-experimental, untreated control group design included dependent pre- and post-test samples. The population used was all patients with type 2 diabetes. The sample was taken using a simple random sampling technique with determination according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The independent variables in this study were mindfulness eating based on spiritual intervention, while the dependent variables were dietary compliance and blood sugar levels. A glucometer and the Personal Diabetes Questionnaire (PDQ) were the tools employed in this investigation. The t-test was used as the statistical test.

Results: There were a total of 50 samples that were divided between the control group and the intervention group. The results of the statistical test showed that mindfulness eating based on spiritual intervention had a statistically significant effect on dietary compliance (p < 0.001) and blood glucose levels (p < 0.001) compared to the control group.

Conclusion: The value of diet adherence is greatly increased by mindfulness eating practices based on spiritual intervention, and mean blood glucose levels are significantly reduced at the conclusion of the study. Exercises in mindfulness eating that are based on spiritual intervention can be popularized as a way to deal with dietary issues and blood sugar regulation.

References

Dwi A, Amatayakul A, Karuncharernpanit S. International Journal of Nursing Sciences Predictors of diabetes self-management among type 2 diabetics in Indonesia : Application theory of the health promotion model. Int J Nurs Sci. 2017;4(3):260–5. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2017.06.010
Sleath B, Carpenter DM, Blalock SJ, Davis SA, Hickson RP, Lee C, et al. Development of a new diabetes medication self-efficacy scale and its association with both reported problems in using diabetes medications and self-reported adherence. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2016;10:1003–10. doi: 10.2147/PPA.S101349
García-Pérez L-E, Alvarez M, Dilla T, Gil-Guillén V, Orozco-Beltrán D. Adherence to therapies in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Ther Res Treat Educ diabetes Relat Disord. 2013;4(2):175–94. doi: 10.1007/s13300-013-0034-y
Miller CK, Kristeller JL, Headings A, Nagaraja H. Comparison of a mindful eating intervention to a diabetes self-management intervention among adults with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Heal Educ Behav Off Publ Soc Public Heal Educ. 2014;41(2):145–54. doi: 10.1177/1090198113493092
As-sayyid ABM. Pola Makan Rasulullah. Jakarta: Almahira; 2006.
Stetson B, Schlundt D, Rothschild C, Floyd JE, Rogers W, Mokshagundam SP. Development and validation of The Personal Diabetes Questionnaire (PDQ): a measure of diabetes self-care behaviors, perceptions and barriers. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2011;91(3):321–32. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2010.12.002
Goebel-Fabbri AE. Diabetes and eating disorders. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2008;2(3):530–2. doi: 10.1177/193229680800200326
Kristeller JL, Wolever RQ. Mindfulness-based eating awareness training for treating binge eating disorder: the conceptual foundation. Eat Disord. 2011;19(1):49–61. doi: 10.1080/10640266.2011.533605
Chavan GM, Waghachavare VB, Gore AD, Chavan VM, Dhobale R V, Dhumale GB. Knowledge about diabetes and relationship between compliance to the management among the diabetic patients from Rural Area of Sangli District, Maharashtra, India. J Fam Med Prim care. 2015;4(3):439–43. doi: 10.4103/2249-4863.161349
Dalen J, Smith BW, Shelley BM, Sloan AL, Leahigh L, Begay D. Pilot study: Mindful Eating and Living (MEAL): weight, eating behavior, and psychological outcomes associated with a mindfulness-based intervention for people with obesity. Complement Ther Med. 2010;18(6):260–4. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2010.09.008
Tak SR, Hendrieckx C, Nefs G, Nyklíček I, Speight J, Pouwer F. The association between types of eating behaviour and dispositional mindfulness in adults with diabetes. Results from Diabetes MILES. The Netherlands. Appetite. 2015;87:288–95. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.01.006
Mason AE, Epel ES, Kristeller J, Moran PJ, Dallman M, Lustig RH, et al. Effects of a mindfulness-based intervention on mindful eating, sweets consumption, and fasting glucose levels in obese adults: data from the SHINE randomized controlled trial. J Behav Med. 2016;39(2):201–13. doi: 10.1007/s10865-015-9692-8
Warren JM, Smith N, Ashwell M. A structured literature review on the role of mindfulness, mindful eating and intuitive eating in changing eating behaviours: effectiveness and associated potential mechanisms. Nutr Res Rev. 2017;30(2):272–83. doi: 10.1017/S0954422417000154
Arch JJ, Brown KW, Goodman RJ, Della Porta MD, Kiken LG, Tillman S. Enjoying food without caloric cost: The impact of brief mindfulness on laboratory eating outcomes. Behav Res Ther. 2016;79:23–34. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2016.02.002
Cheng L, Leung DY-P, Sit JW-H, Li X-M, Wu Y-N, Yang M-Y, et al. Factors associated with diet barriers in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2016;10:37–44. doi: 10.2147/PPA.S94275
Murman DL. The Impact of Age on Cognition. Semin Hear. 2015;36(3):111–21. doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1555115
Rizza RA. Pathogenesis of fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: implications for therapy. Diabetes. 2010;59(11):2697–707. doi: 10.2337/db10-1032

[1] Dwi A, Amatayakul A, Karuncharernpanit S. International Journal of Nursing Sciences Predictors of diabetes self-management among type 2 diabetics in Indonesia : Application theory of the health promotion model. Int J Nurs Sci. 2017;4(3):260–5. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2017.06.010

[2] Sleath B, Carpenter DM, Blalock SJ, Davis SA, Hickson RP, Lee C, et al. Development of a new diabetes medication self-efficacy scale and its association with both reported problems in using diabetes medications and self-reported adherence. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2016;10:1003–10. doi: 10.2147/PPA.S101349

[3] García-Pérez L-E, Alvarez M, Dilla T, Gil-Guillén V, Orozco-Beltrán D. Adherence to therapies in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Ther Res Treat Educ diabetes Relat Disord. 2013;4(2):175–94. doi: 10.1007/s13300-013-0034-y

[4] Miller CK, Kristeller JL, Headings A, Nagaraja H. Comparison of a mindful eating intervention to a diabetes self-management intervention among adults with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Heal Educ Behav Off Publ Soc Public Heal Educ. 2014;41(2):145–54. doi: 10.1177/1090198113493092

[5] As-sayyid ABM. Pola Makan Rasulullah. Jakarta: Almahira; 2006.

[6] Stetson B, Schlundt D, Rothschild C, Floyd JE, Rogers W, Mokshagundam SP. Development and validation of The Personal Diabetes Questionnaire (PDQ): a measure of diabetes self-care behaviors, perceptions and barriers. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2011;91(3):321–32. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2010.12.002

[7] Goebel-Fabbri AE. Diabetes and eating disorders. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2008;2(3):530–2. doi: 10.1177/193229680800200326

[8] Kristeller JL, Wolever RQ. Mindfulness-based eating awareness training for treating binge eating disorder: the conceptual foundation. Eat Disord. 2011;19(1):49–61. doi: 10.1080/10640266.2011.533605

[9] Chavan GM, Waghachavare VB, Gore AD, Chavan VM, Dhobale R V, Dhumale GB. Knowledge about diabetes and relationship between compliance to the management among the diabetic patients from Rural Area of Sangli District, Maharashtra, India. J Fam Med Prim care. 2015;4(3):439–43. doi: 10.4103/2249-4863.161349

[10] Dalen J, Smith BW, Shelley BM, Sloan AL, Leahigh L, Begay D. Pilot study: Mindful Eating and Living (MEAL): weight, eating behavior, and psychological outcomes associated with a mindfulness-based intervention for people with obesity. Complement Ther Med. 2010;18(6):260–4. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2010.09.008

[11] Tak SR, Hendrieckx C, Nefs G, Nyklíček I, Speight J, Pouwer F. The association between types of eating behaviour and dispositional mindfulness in adults with diabetes. Results from Diabetes MILES. The Netherlands. Appetite. 2015;87:288–95. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.01.006

[12] Mason AE, Epel ES, Kristeller J, Moran PJ, Dallman M, Lustig RH, et al. Effects of a mindfulness-based intervention on mindful eating, sweets consumption, and fasting glucose levels in obese adults: data from the SHINE randomized controlled trial. J Behav Med. 2016;39(2):201–13. doi: 10.1007/s10865-015-9692-8

[13] Warren JM, Smith N, Ashwell M. A structured literature review on the role of mindfulness, mindful eating and intuitive eating in changing eating behaviours: effectiveness and associated potential mechanisms. Nutr Res Rev. 2017;30(2):272–83. doi: 10.1017/S0954422417000154

[14] Arch JJ, Brown KW, Goodman RJ, Della Porta MD, Kiken LG, Tillman S. Enjoying food without caloric cost: The impact of brief mindfulness on laboratory eating outcomes. Behav Res Ther. 2016;79:23–34. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2016.02.002

[15] Cheng L, Leung DY-P, Sit JW-H, Li X-M, Wu Y-N, Yang M-Y, et al. Factors associated with diet barriers in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2016;10:37–44. doi: 10.2147/PPA.S94275

[16] Murman DL. The Impact of Age on Cognition. Semin Hear. 2015;36(3):111–21. doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1555115

[17] Rizza RA. Pathogenesis of fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: implications for therapy. Diabetes. 2010;59(11):2697–707. doi: 10.2337/db10-1032

Mindfulness eating based on spiritual interventions on diet compliance and blood sugar levels in type 2 DM patients

Abstract

References

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