The significance of immunoexpression of Polo Like Kinase 1 (PLK1) in retinoblastoma: The Significance of PLK1 In Retinoblastoma

Yan Adhitya  Kusuma; Dyah Fauziah; Anny Setijo  Rahaju

doi:10.15562/bmj.v12i1.4087

The significance of immunoexpression of Polo Like Kinase 1 (PLK1) in retinoblastoma

The Significance of PLK1 In Retinoblastoma

Yan Adhitya Kusuma ,

Dyah Fauziah ,

Anny Setijo Rahaju ,

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v12i1.4087 |
Published: 2023-02-16

Abstract

Background: Retinoblastoma is an intraocular malignant neoplasm of retinal neurosensory origin and often occurs in childhood. The average global survival rate is less than 50%. An increase in the pT stage is associated with worse survival. Through its distinct protein-binding and phosphorylation activities, Polo Like Kinase 1 (PLK1) is essential in mitotic activity. PLK1 protein expression has been proposed as a novel prognostic marker for many cancers. This study aims to analyze the correlation between PLK1 with pT stages of retinoblastoma.

Methods: An observational analytic study with a cross-sectional approach was conducted on 56 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue of patients diagnosed with retinoblastoma from January 2016 - December 2020 in Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya. The samples were divided into four groups based on pT-stage retinoblastoma. Immunohistochemistry for PLK1 was applied to all models and evaluated semi-quantitatively using an immunoreactivity score.

Results: There were significant differences in PLK1 expression in each pT stage of retinoblastoma (p=0.000014). There was a significant correlation between PLK1 and the pT stage of retinoblastoma (p=0.0001).

Conclusion: The increase of PLK1 expression in retinoblastoma is associated with an increased pT stage. PLK1 plays a role in the proliferation of retinoblastoma tumor cells, hence increasing the pT stage.

References

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Abramson DH, Beaverson K, Sangani P, Vora RA, Lee TC, Hochberg HM, et al. Screening for Retinoblastoma: Presenting Signs as Prognosticators of Patient and Ocular Survival. Pediatrics. 2003;112(6 Pt 1):1248–55.
Fabian ID, Abdallah E, Abdullahi SU, Abdulqader RA, Adamou Boubacar S, Ademola-Popoola DS, et al. Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level. JAMA Oncol. 2020;6(5):685–95.
de Cárcer G. The mitotic cancer target polo-like kinase 1: Oncogene or tumor suppressor? Genes (Basel). 2019;10(3):1–14.
Mendoza PR, Specht CS, Hubbard GB, Wells JR, Lynn MJ, Zhang Q, et al. Histopathologic grading of anaplasia in retinoblastoma. Am J Ophthalmol 2015;159(4):764-776.e3.
Citra A, Utomo B, Soebagjo HD. Longer lag time in early-stage retinoblastoma. Fol Med Indones. 2022;58(2):103–7.
Global Retinoblastoma Study Group. The Global Retinoblastoma Outcome Study: a prospective, cluster-based analysis of 4064 patients from 149 countries. Lancet Glob Health. 2022;10(8):e1128-e1140.
Naimatuningsih N, Soebagjo H, Setiawati R, Loebis R. The Correlation between Family Socioeconomic Status and the Delayed Treatment of Retinoblastoma Patients at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya. JUXTA J Ilm Mhs Kedokt Univ Airlangga. 2019;10(2):51-55.
Jakob S, Dewa S, Hamid I. Profile of Retinoblastoma in East Java, Indonesia. African J Intern Med. 2019;7(1):495–500.
Singh L, Pushker N, Sen S, Singh MK, Chauhan FA, Kashyap S. Prognostic significance of polo-like kinases in retinoblastoma: Correlation with patient outcome, clinical and histopathological parameters. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2015;43(6):550–557.
Song B, Liu XS, Liu X. Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1): An Unexpected Player in DNA Replication. Cell Div.2012;7(1):3.
Louwen F, Yuan J. Battle of the eternal rivals: Restoring functional p53 and inhibiting Polo-like kinase 1 as cancer therapy. Oncotarget. 2013;4(7):958–971.
Schwermer M, Dreesmann S, Eggert A, Althoff K, Steenpass L, Schramm A, et al. Pharmaceutically inhibiting polo-like kinase 1 exerts a broad anti-tumour activity in retinoblastoma cell lines. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2017;45(3):288–296.
Van De Weerdt BCM, Medema RH. Polo-like kinases: A team in control of the division. Cell Cycle. 2006;5(8):853–864.
Lestari AAW, Prabawa IPY, Wiranata S, Supadmanaba IGP. High eosinophils lymphocyte ratio (ELR) related with subtype of breast cancer in Sanglah General Hospital, Bali. Annals of Oncology. 2018;29:ix11-ix12.
Amani V, Prince EW, Alimova I, Balakrishnan I, Birks D, Donson AM, et al. Polo-like Kinase 1 as a potential therapeutic target in Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma. BMC Cancer. 2016;16:1–9.
Li H, Wang H, Sun Z, Guo Q, Shi H, Jia Y. The clinical and prognostic value of polo-like kinase 1 in lung squamous cell carcinoma patients: Immunohistochemical analysis. Biosci Rep. 2017;37(4):1–10.
Iqbalawaty I, Yani M, Machillah N, Fajriah F, Abdullah A, Ilzana TM, et al. Diagnostic test of thorax computed tomography scanning in lung tumors against cytopathological results at Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, Indonesia period June - August 2018. Bali Medical Journal. 2019;8(3):930–933.
Yang J, Li Y, Zong C, Zhang Q, Ge S, Ma L, et al. Xanthatin selectively targets retinoblastoma by inhibiting the PLK1-mediated cell cycle. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2021;62(15):11.

[1] Grossniklaus HE, Eberhart CG, Kivelä TT. WHO classification of tumors of the eye. 4th ed. Lyon: IARC. 2018:105–17.

[2] Abramson DH, Beaverson K, Sangani P, Vora RA, Lee TC, Hochberg HM, et al. Screening for Retinoblastoma: Presenting Signs as Prognosticators of Patient and Ocular Survival. Pediatrics. 2003;112(6 Pt 1):1248–55.

[3] Fabian ID, Abdallah E, Abdullahi SU, Abdulqader RA, Adamou Boubacar S, Ademola-Popoola DS, et al. Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level. JAMA Oncol. 2020;6(5):685–95.

[4] de Cárcer G. The mitotic cancer target polo-like kinase 1: Oncogene or tumor suppressor? Genes (Basel). 2019;10(3):1–14.

[5] Mendoza PR, Specht CS, Hubbard GB, Wells JR, Lynn MJ, Zhang Q, et al. Histopathologic grading of anaplasia in retinoblastoma. Am J Ophthalmol 2015;159(4):764-776.e3.

[6] Citra A, Utomo B, Soebagjo HD. Longer lag time in early-stage retinoblastoma. Fol Med Indones. 2022;58(2):103–7.

[7] Global Retinoblastoma Study Group. The Global Retinoblastoma Outcome Study: a prospective, cluster-based analysis of 4064 patients from 149 countries. Lancet Glob Health. 2022;10(8):e1128-e1140.

[8] Naimatuningsih N, Soebagjo H, Setiawati R, Loebis R. The Correlation between Family Socioeconomic Status and the Delayed Treatment of Retinoblastoma Patients at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya. JUXTA J Ilm Mhs Kedokt Univ Airlangga. 2019;10(2):51-55.

[9] Jakob S, Dewa S, Hamid I. Profile of Retinoblastoma in East Java, Indonesia. African J Intern Med. 2019;7(1):495–500.

[10] Singh L, Pushker N, Sen S, Singh MK, Chauhan FA, Kashyap S. Prognostic significance of polo-like kinases in retinoblastoma: Correlation with patient outcome, clinical and histopathological parameters. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2015;43(6):550–557.

[11] Song B, Liu XS, Liu X. Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1): An Unexpected Player in DNA Replication. Cell Div.2012;7(1):3.

[12] Louwen F, Yuan J. Battle of the eternal rivals: Restoring functional p53 and inhibiting Polo-like kinase 1 as cancer therapy. Oncotarget. 2013;4(7):958–971.

[13] Schwermer M, Dreesmann S, Eggert A, Althoff K, Steenpass L, Schramm A, et al. Pharmaceutically inhibiting polo-like kinase 1 exerts a broad anti-tumour activity in retinoblastoma cell lines. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2017;45(3):288–296.

[14] Van De Weerdt BCM, Medema RH. Polo-like kinases: A team in control of the division. Cell Cycle. 2006;5(8):853–864.

[15] Lestari AAW, Prabawa IPY, Wiranata S, Supadmanaba IGP. High eosinophils lymphocyte ratio (ELR) related with subtype of breast cancer in Sanglah General Hospital, Bali. Annals of Oncology. 2018;29:ix11-ix12.

[16] Amani V, Prince EW, Alimova I, Balakrishnan I, Birks D, Donson AM, et al. Polo-like Kinase 1 as a potential therapeutic target in Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma. BMC Cancer. 2016;16:1–9.

[17] Li H, Wang H, Sun Z, Guo Q, Shi H, Jia Y. The clinical and prognostic value of polo-like kinase 1 in lung squamous cell carcinoma patients: Immunohistochemical analysis. Biosci Rep. 2017;37(4):1–10.

[18] Iqbalawaty I, Yani M, Machillah N, Fajriah F, Abdullah A, Ilzana TM, et al. Diagnostic test of thorax computed tomography scanning in lung tumors against cytopathological results at Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, Indonesia period June - August 2018. Bali Medical Journal. 2019;8(3):930–933.

[19] Yang J, Li Y, Zong C, Zhang Q, Ge S, Ma L, et al. Xanthatin selectively targets retinoblastoma by inhibiting the PLK1-mediated cell cycle. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2021;62(15):11.

The significance of immunoexpression of Polo Like Kinase 1 (PLK1) in retinoblastoma

The Significance of PLK1 In Retinoblastoma

Abstract

References

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