Prevalence of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from Jember hospital food handler in Indonesia

Enny Suswati; Supangat; Laksmi Indreswari; Farhatina Nur U’alifa; Faiza Nabila; Inas Gama Putri Hertian

doi:10.15562/bmj.v12i1.4015

Prevalence of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from Jember hospital food handler in Indonesia

Enny Suswati ,

Supangat ,

Laksmi Indreswari ,

Farhatina Nur U’alifa ,

Faiza Nabila ,

Inas Gama Putri Hertian ,

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v12i1.4015 |
Published: 2023-02-28

Abstract

Introduction: Foodborne illness is a significant global public health issue. Improper food handling and personal cleanliness can result in a few ailments. Over 400 food-related infections have been found by the CDC, of which food handlers cause 20%. Escherichia coli is often found in hospital food handler hand and nasal swabs. This study aimed to ascertain the prevalence of E. coli and the antibiotic susceptibility profile of food handlers working in hospitals in Jember City, Indonesia.

Method: A cross-sectional investigation uses a total sampling method held between October and November 2022. Inclusion criteria are asymptomatic food handlers that have not taken antibiotics for the last three months and have already given informed consent. Exclusion criteria are food handlers who’s sick or with incomplete questionnaires. We performed hand and nasal swabs and continued with bacteria identification, culture, and antibiotic sensitivity tests.

Result: Ten food workers (14.71%) and fourteen (20.59%) of the 68 who underwent hand and nasal swab culture screenings for E. coli were positive. All E. coli hand swab isolates were susceptible to levofloxacin and azithromycin antibiotics. Still, of the 10 E. coli hand swab isolates, 90% were resistant to the antibiotics; penicillin, Cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone, while 70% were resistant to erythromycin. For E. coli isolates originating from nasal swabs, 85.71% were resistant to Cefotaxime, 71.43% to Penicillin and Cefepime, and 57.14% were resistant to Ceftriaxone and Erythromycin. E. coli Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index for hand and nasal swab specimens is 0.18 – 0.82. Most of the hand swab specimens (90%) are Multidrug Resistant (MDR), while nasal swab specimen shows 78.57% Multidrug Resistant (MDR).

Conclusion: The predominance of multidrug-resistant E. coli among hospital food handlers makes it imperative to implement infection control measures, including better biosecurity, to ensure that they do not enter the food supply and limit alternatives to inpatient therapy.

References

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Bintsis T. Foodborne pathogens. AIMS Microbiol. 2017;3(3):529–63.
Yimam Y, Woreta A, Mohebali M. Intestinal parasites among food handlers of food service establishments in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):1–12.
Teimouri A, Keshavarz H, Mohtasebi S, Goudarzi F, Mikaeili F, Borjian A, et al. Intestinal parasites among food handlers in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Food Microbiol [Internet]. 2021;95:103703. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2020.103703
Palupi IR, Fitasari RP, Utami FA. Knowledge, attitude and practice of hygiene and sanitation among food-handlers in a psychiatric hospital in Indonesia - A mixed method study. J Prev Med Hyg. 2021;61(4):E642–9.
Aklilu A, Kahase D, Dessalegn M, Tarekegn N, Gebremichael S, Zenebe S, et al. prevalence of intestinal parasites, salmonella and shigella among apparently health food handlers of Addis Ababa University student's cafeteria, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes. 2015;8(1):4–9.
Mardu F, Negash H, Legese H, Berhe B, Tesfay K, Haileslasie H, et al. Assessment of knowledge, practice, and status of food handlers toward Salmonella, Shigella, and intestinal parasites: A cross-sectional study in Tigrai prison centres, Ethiopia. PLoS One [Internet]. 2020;15(11 November):1–13. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241145
Sanneh B, Kebbeh A, Jallow HS, Camara Y, Mwamakamba LW, Ceesay IF, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for faecal carriage of Extended Spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae among food handlers in lower basic schools in West coast region of the Gambia. PLoS One. 2018;13(8):1–12.
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Aung ST, Nwe AA, Shan WW, Naing SM, Htay SS, Kyaw K. Food Handling Practices among Food Handlers of Eating Establishments in the Government Hospitals, Mandalay City, Myanmar. Arch Curr Res Int. 2019;(March):1–14.
Aung ST. Bacterial Assessment and Their Antibiotic Sensitivity Patterns of Nasal and Hand Swab Specimens From Food Handlers in Hospital Compounds in Mandalay, Myanmar : A Cross-sectional Descriptive or Observational Study. 2020;1–14.
Erdoğan M, Pamuk Ş. Microbial contamination in food, food handlers' hands and surfaces and evaluation of contamination sources by the similarity between isolates. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2020;67(1):73–9.
Al-Kandari D, Al-abdeen J, Sidhu J. Food safety knowledge, attitudes and practices of food handlers in restaurants in Kuwait. Food Control [Internet]. 2019;103(December 2018):103–10. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.03.040
Getie M, Abebe W, Tessema B. Prevalence of enteric bacteria and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among food handlers in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2019;8(1):4–9.
Eltai NO, Yassine HM, Al Thani AA, Abu Madi MA, Ismail A, Ibrahim E, et al. prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from faecal samples of food handlers in Qatar. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2018;7(1):1–7.
Adzitey F, Asiamah P, Boateng EF. Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonella enterica isolated from cow milk, milk products and hands of sellers in the Tamale Metropolis of Ghana. J Appl Sci Environ Manag. 2020;24(1):59.

[1] Awol N, Nigusse D, Ali M. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Salmonella and Shigella among food handlers working in food establishment at Hawassa city, Southern Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes [Internet]. 2019;12(1):1–7. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-019-4725-y

[2] Bintsis T. Foodborne pathogens. AIMS Microbiol. 2017;3(3):529–63.

[3] Yimam Y, Woreta A, Mohebali M. Intestinal parasites among food handlers of food service establishments in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):1–12.

[4] Teimouri A, Keshavarz H, Mohtasebi S, Goudarzi F, Mikaeili F, Borjian A, et al. Intestinal parasites among food handlers in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Food Microbiol [Internet]. 2021;95:103703. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2020.103703

[5] Palupi IR, Fitasari RP, Utami FA. Knowledge, attitude and practice of hygiene and sanitation among food-handlers in a psychiatric hospital in Indonesia - A mixed method study. J Prev Med Hyg. 2021;61(4):E642–9.

[6] Aklilu A, Kahase D, Dessalegn M, Tarekegn N, Gebremichael S, Zenebe S, et al. prevalence of intestinal parasites, salmonella and shigella among apparently health food handlers of Addis Ababa University student's cafeteria, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes. 2015;8(1):4–9.

[7] Mardu F, Negash H, Legese H, Berhe B, Tesfay K, Haileslasie H, et al. Assessment of knowledge, practice, and status of food handlers toward Salmonella, Shigella, and intestinal parasites: A cross-sectional study in Tigrai prison centres, Ethiopia. PLoS One [Internet]. 2020;15(11 November):1–13. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241145

[8] Sanneh B, Kebbeh A, Jallow HS, Camara Y, Mwamakamba LW, Ceesay IF, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for faecal carriage of Extended Spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae among food handlers in lower basic schools in West coast region of the Gambia. PLoS One. 2018;13(8):1–12.

[9] CLSI. CLSI M100-ED29: 2021 Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, 30th Edition. Vol. 40, Clsi. 2020. 50–51 p.

[10] Mengist A, Aschale Y, Reta A. Bacterial and parasitic assessment from Fingernails in Debre Markos, Northwest Ethiopia. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 2018;2018.

[11] Aung ST, Nwe AA, Shan WW, Naing SM, Htay SS, Kyaw K. Food Handling Practices among Food Handlers of Eating Establishments in the Government Hospitals, Mandalay City, Myanmar. Arch Curr Res Int. 2019;(March):1–14.

[12] Aung ST. Bacterial Assessment and Their Antibiotic Sensitivity Patterns of Nasal and Hand Swab Specimens From Food Handlers in Hospital Compounds in Mandalay, Myanmar : A Cross-sectional Descriptive or Observational Study. 2020;1–14.

[13] Erdoğan M, Pamuk Ş. Microbial contamination in food, food handlers' hands and surfaces and evaluation of contamination sources by the similarity between isolates. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2020;67(1):73–9.

[14] Al-Kandari D, Al-abdeen J, Sidhu J. Food safety knowledge, attitudes and practices of food handlers in restaurants in Kuwait. Food Control [Internet]. 2019;103(December 2018):103–10. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.03.040

[15] Getie M, Abebe W, Tessema B. Prevalence of enteric bacteria and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among food handlers in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2019;8(1):4–9.

[16] Eltai NO, Yassine HM, Al Thani AA, Abu Madi MA, Ismail A, Ibrahim E, et al. prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from faecal samples of food handlers in Qatar. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2018;7(1):1–7.

[17] Adzitey F, Asiamah P, Boateng EF. Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonella enterica isolated from cow milk, milk products and hands of sellers in the Tamale Metropolis of Ghana. J Appl Sci Environ Manag. 2020;24(1):59.

Prevalence of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from Jember hospital food handler in Indonesia

Abstract

References

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