Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer

Animal model of contusion compression spinal cord injury by Yasargil aneurysm clip

  • I Nyoman Semita ,
  • Dwikora Novembri Utomo ,
  • Heri Suroto ,
  • Parama Gandi ,


Abstract

Background: Animal spinal cord injury (SCI) models have shown to be invaluable in better understanding the mechanisms related to traumatic SCI and evaluating the effectiveness of experimental therapeutic interventions. The use of clip compression can produce contusion–compression SCI models in rats with clinical features in the form of total paralysis, retention of micturition, and retention of defecation. This study aimed to validate the effects of the duration of Yasargil aneurysm clip application on the formation of SCI models with analyzed neuropathic pain, locomotor function, histology, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α).

Methods: We did true experimental study investigated 20 Sprague Dawley divided into normal, 30-second, 60-second, and 90-second groups. Contusion–compression model of SCI post-laminectomy was done in 0, 30, 60, and 90 seconds using a Yasargil aneurysm clip, with a force of 65g (150kDyne). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 for Windows.

Result: We found that the locomotor expression did not indicate total paralysis after compression durations of 0 and 30 seconds, while compression durations of 60 and 90 seconds could result in total paralysis. There was no significant difference in the mean BBB scores between the compression durations of 60 and 90 seconds (p=1.000). In addition, there was no significant difference in the mean RGS value between the 60-second model group and the 90-second model group on days 21 and 28 (p=1.000; p=0.900). The histological pictures at compression durations of 60 and 90 seconds show severe damage to spinal cord continuity. There was no significant difference in the mean value of TNF-α between the duration compressions of 60 and 90 seconds (p=0.937).

Conclusion: The use of Yasargil aneurysm clips for 60 and 90 seconds could produce a contusion–compression SCI model with expressions of neuropathic pain, locomotor function, histology, and pro-inflammatory cytokine.

Keywords: Spinal cord injury model contusion–compression neuropathic pain locomotors TNF-α

References

  1. Abdullahi D, Annuar AA, Mohamad M, Aziz I, Sanusi J. Experimental spinal cord trauma: A review of mechanically induced spinal cord injury in rat models. Rev Neurosci. 2016;28(1):15-20.
  2. Cheriyan T, Ryan DJ, Weinreb JH, Cheriyan J, Paul JC, Lavage V, et al. Spinal cord injury models: A review. Spinal Cord. 2014;52(8):588-595.
  3. McDonald JW, Sadowsky C. Spinal-cord injury. Lancet. 2002;359(9304):417-425.
  4. Basoglu H, Kurtoglu T, Cetin NK, Bilgin MD, Kiylioglu N. Assessment of in vivo spinal cord conduction velocity in rats in an experimental model of ischemic spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 2013;51(8):616-622.
  5. Zhang N, Fang MR, Chen HH, Gou FM, Ding MX. Evaluation of spinal cord injury animal models. Neural Regen Res. 2014;9(22):2008-2012.
  6. Sharif-Alhoseini M, Khormali M, Rezaei M, Safdarian M, Hajighadery A, Khalatbari M, et al. Animal models of spinal cord injury: A systematic review. Spinal Cord. 2017;55(8):714-721.
  7. Ahmed RU, Alam M, Zheng YP. Experimental spinal cord injury and behavioral tests in laboratory rats. Heliyon. 2019;5(3):e01324.
  8. Oliveri RS, Bello S, Biering-Sørensen F. Mesenchymal stem cells improve locomotor recovery in traumatic spinal cord injury: Systematic review with meta-analyses of rat models. Neurobiol Dis. 2014;62:338-353.
  9. Vaughn CN, Iafrate JL, Henley JB, Stevenson EK, Shlifer IG, Bucky Jones T. Cellular neuroinflammation in a lateral forceps compression model of spinal cord injury. Anat Rec. 2013;296(8):1229-1246.
  10. Anjum A, Yazid MD, Daud MF, Idris J, Ng AMH, Selvi Naicker A, et al. Spinal cord injury: Pathophysiology, multimolecular interactions, and underlying recovery mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(20):1-35.
  11. Miranpuri GS, Nguyen J, Moreno N, Yutuc NA, Kim J, Buttar S, et al. Folic Acid Modulates Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Expression Following Spinal Cord Injury. Ann Neurosci. 2019;26(2):60-65.
  12. Jazayeri SB, Firouzi M, Zadegan SA, Saeedi N, Pirouz E, Nategh M, et al. The effect of timing of decompression on neurologic recovery and histopathologic findings after spinal cord compression in a rat model. Acta Med Iran. 2013;51(7):431-437.
  13. Borhani-Haghighi M, Navid S, Mohamadi Y. The therapeutic potential of conditioned medium from human breast milk stem cells in treating spinal cord injury. Asian Spine J. 2020;14(2):131.
  14. Chen Y, Tian Z, He L, Liu C, Wang N, Rong L, et al. Exosomes derived from miR-26a-modified MSCs promote axonal regeneration via the PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathway following spinal cord injury. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2021;12(1):1-15.
  15. Borsook D, Kussman BD, George E, Becerra LR, Burke DW. Surgically induced neuropathic pain: Understanding the perioperative process. Ann Surg. 2013;257(3):403-412.
  16. Hagen EM, Rekand T, Hagen EM, Rekand ÁT. Management of Neuropathic Pain Associated with Spinal Cord Injury. Pain Ther. 2015;4(1):51-65.
  17. George RP, Howarth GS, Whittaker AL. Use of the rat grimace scale to evaluate visceral pain in a model of chemotherapy-induced mucositis. Animals. 2019;9(9):678.
  18. Klune CB, Larkin AE, Leung VSY, Pang D. Comparing the rat grimace scale and a composite behaviour score in rats. PLoS One. 2019;14(5):e0209467.
  19. Huang JH, Hui C, Yang F, Yin XM, Cao Y, Yue F. Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Epidural Fat ‑ Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuate NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Improve Functional Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury. Neurochem Res. 2020:45(4);760-771.
  20. Hellenbrand DJ, Quinn CM, Piper ZJ, Morehouse CN, Fixel JA, Hanna AS. Inflammation after spinal cord injury: a review of the critical timeline of signaling cues and cellular infiltration. J Neuroinflammation. 2021;18(1):1-16.
  21. Zhu W, Chen X, Ning L, Jin K. Network Analysis Reveals TNF as a Major Hub of Reactive Inflammation Following Spinal Cord Injury. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):1-10.
  22. Bloom O, Herman PE, Spungen AM. Systemic inflammation in traumatic spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol. 2020;35(2):249.
  23. Olmos G, Lladó J. Tumor necrosis factor alpha: A link between neuroinflammation and excitotoxicity. Mediators Inflamm. 2014;2014:1-12.
  24. Paterniti I, Esposito E, Cuzzocrea S. Role of the Neuroinflammation in the Degree of Spinal Cord Injury: New Therapeutic Strategies. Recover Mot Funct Follow Spinal Cord Inj. 2016;4:81-91.
  25. Suyasa, IK, Lestari AAW, Prabawa IPY, Marta KKA. Water sport-related spine injury in Bali: a review and preliminary study. Indonesia Journal of Biomedical Science. 2019;13(2):72-76.
  26. Maliawan MGD, Subagio EA, Utomo B, Parenrengi MA, Al Fauzi A, Sudiana IK. The effect of ACTH4-10Pro8-Gly9-Pro10 on neurotrophin-3 expression in Sprague Dawley rat on acute spinal cord injury. Bali Medical Journal. 2022;11(1):18–22.
  27. Asadi-Golshan R, Razban V, Mirzaei E, Rahmanian A, Khajeh S, Mostafavi-Pour Z, et al. Sensory and motor behavior evidences supporting the usefulness of conditioned medium from dental pulp-derived stem cells in spinal cord injury in rats. Asian Spine J. 2018;12(5):785-793.

How to Cite

Semita, I. N., Utomo, D. N., Suroto, H., & Gandi, P. . (2023). Animal model of contusion compression spinal cord injury by Yasargil aneurysm clip. Bali Medical Journal, 12(1), 1063–1068. https://doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v12i1.3931
ACM ACS APA ABNT Chicago Harvard IEEE MLA Turabian Vancouver
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX

HTML
8

Total
2

Share

Search Panel

I Nyoman Semita
Google Scholar
Pubmed
BMJ Journal

Dwikora Novembri Utomo
Google Scholar
Pubmed
BMJ Journal

Heri Suroto
Google Scholar
Pubmed
BMJ Journal

Parama Gandi
Google Scholar
Pubmed
BMJ Journal