Vitamin D and cathelicidin assessment in children with pneumonia

Fatimah Arief; Retno Asih  Setyoningrum; Roedi  Irawan; Dominicus  Husada; I Ketut Alit  Utamayasa; Hartono  Kahar

doi:10.15562/bmj.v12i1.3900

Vitamin D and cathelicidin assessment in children with pneumonia

Fatimah Arief ,

Retno Asih Setyoningrum ,

Roedi Irawan ,

Dominicus Husada ,

I Ketut Alit Utamayasa ,

Hartono Kahar ,

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v12i1.3900 |
Published: 2023-01-07

Abstract

Introduction: Pneumonia is a lung infection that becoming one of the most causes of death in children in developing countries. A deficiency of vitamin D has been suggested in several research had a potential role in reducing cathelicidin production. It is a peptide that could act as an anti-microbial agent. Thus this research aimed to analyze the effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum cathelicidin levels.

Method: This study was a quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest control group double-blinded design conducted in the pediatric inpatient ward of General Hospital Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. The inclusion criteria of the sample were children that have been diagnosed with pneumonia clinically, and the ages must range from 1 month up to 5 years old. An oral single dose of 100,000 IU of vitamin D (cholecalciferol) has been administered to the participant, on the day of enrolment after the collection of the blood samples. Cathelicidin and calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D) levels were obtained. Supplementation with oral vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) at 100,000 IU single dose and placebo was given. At 8 days, all subjects had repeat serum cathelicidin and vitamin D levels. All of the data were annyalsis in SPSS ver 25. We analyze the data descriptively and analytically. For the analytic analysis, we analyze the data by man-witney and paired t-test.

Results: Forty-six subjects were consisting in this study consisting of 23 cases and 23 controls, 30/46 were males and 16/46 were females. The median age in the study was 24 months. The mean levels of cathelicidin in the post-supplementation treatment group were 11.80 + 11.40 with p value= 1.00. Meanwhile, the mean level of cathelicidin in the placebo group after giving the placebo was 8.81 + 6.46 with p val ue= 0.29.

Conclusion: Enhancement of vitamin D in children with pneumonia after giving the supplementation has been established. Meanwhile, only calcidiol serum level was to be significant in difference when comparing the pre and post-examination of the vitamin D supplementation group.

References

Hashemian H, Heidarzadeh A. Role of Vitamin D [25(OH) D] Deficiency in Development of Pneumonia in Children. Arch Pediatr Infect Dis [Internet]. 2017;In Press. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.5812/pedinfect.57276
Lokida D, Farida H, Triasih R, Mardian Y, Kosasih H, Naysilla AM, et al. Epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia among hospitalised children in Indonesia: a multicentre, prospective study. BMJ Open [Internet]. 2022;12:e057957. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057957
Hadisuwarno W, Setyoningrum RA, Umiastuti P. Host factors related to pneumonia in children under 5 years of age. Paediatr Indones [Internet]. 2015;55:248. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi55.5.2015.248-51
Gupta P, Dewan P, Shah D, Sharma N, Bedi N, Kaur IR, et al. Vitamin D supplementation for treatment and prevention of pneumonia in under-five children: A randomized double-blind placebo controlled trial. Indian Pediatr [Internet]. 2016;53:967–76. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13312-016-0970-5
Das RR, Singh M, Naik SS. Vitamin D as an adjunct to antibiotics for the treatment of acute childhood pneumonia. Cochrane database Syst Rev [Internet]. 2018;7:CD011597–CD011597. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30024634
Mathyssen C, Gayan-Ramirez G, Bouillon R, Janssens W. Vitamin D supplementation in respiratory diseases - evidence from RCT. Polish Arch Intern Med [Internet]. 2017; Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.20452/pamw.4134
Vargas Buonfiglio LG, Cano M, Pezzulo AA, Vanegas Calderon OG, Zabner J, Gerke AK, et al. Effect of vitamin D(3) on the antimicrobial activity of human airway surface liquid: preliminary results of a randomised placebo-controlled double-blind trial. BMJ open Respir Res [Internet]. 2017;4:e000211–e000211. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28883932
Zhou Y fang, Luo B an, Qin L lu. The association between vitamin D de fi ciency and community-acquired pneumonia. :1–7.
Id VO, Triasih R, Graham SM, Bines JE, Soenarto Y, Clarke MW, et al. Vitamin D deficiency and severity of pneumonia in Indonesian children. 2021;67:1–14. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254488
Ismail HA, Menazie EM, Ibrahim SMK, Elbaky NMA. Study of Vitamin D Status in Pneumonia among Children between 6 Months to 3 Years of Age. 2021;254–67.
Chen S, Ye W, Zheng W, Xu Z, Chen Y, Jin L. Increased serum antimicrobial peptide LL-37 and HBD-2 combined with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 deficiency in infants with pertussis. J Infect Dev Ctries [Internet]. 2020;14:1164–9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.12317
Chung C, Silwal P, Kim I, Modlin RL, Jo EK. Vitamin D-Cathelicidin Axis: at the Crossroads between Protective Immunity and Pathological Inflammation during Infection. Immune Netw [Internet]. 2020;20:e12–e12. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32395364
Subanada IB, Bakta IM, Suryawan IWB, Astawa P, Satriyasa BK. Association between Vitamin D Level, Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms, and Cathelicidin Level to Acute Lower Respiratory Infections, and the Picture of Exon 2-Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in Children under 5 years old. Open Access Maced J Med Sci [Internet]. 2020;8:536–41. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.4352

[1] Hashemian H, Heidarzadeh A. Role of Vitamin D [25(OH) D] Deficiency in Development of Pneumonia in Children. Arch Pediatr Infect Dis [Internet]. 2017;In Press. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.5812/pedinfect.57276

[2] Lokida D, Farida H, Triasih R, Mardian Y, Kosasih H, Naysilla AM, et al. Epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia among hospitalised children in Indonesia: a multicentre, prospective study. BMJ Open [Internet]. 2022;12:e057957. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057957

[3] Hadisuwarno W, Setyoningrum RA, Umiastuti P. Host factors related to pneumonia in children under 5 years of age. Paediatr Indones [Internet]. 2015;55:248. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi55.5.2015.248-51

[4] Gupta P, Dewan P, Shah D, Sharma N, Bedi N, Kaur IR, et al. Vitamin D supplementation for treatment and prevention of pneumonia in under-five children: A randomized double-blind placebo controlled trial. Indian Pediatr [Internet]. 2016;53:967–76. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13312-016-0970-5

[5] Das RR, Singh M, Naik SS. Vitamin D as an adjunct to antibiotics for the treatment of acute childhood pneumonia. Cochrane database Syst Rev [Internet]. 2018;7:CD011597–CD011597. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30024634

[6] Mathyssen C, Gayan-Ramirez G, Bouillon R, Janssens W. Vitamin D supplementation in respiratory diseases - evidence from RCT. Polish Arch Intern Med [Internet]. 2017; Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.20452/pamw.4134

[7] Vargas Buonfiglio LG, Cano M, Pezzulo AA, Vanegas Calderon OG, Zabner J, Gerke AK, et al. Effect of vitamin D(3) on the antimicrobial activity of human airway surface liquid: preliminary results of a randomised placebo-controlled double-blind trial. BMJ open Respir Res [Internet]. 2017;4:e000211–e000211. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28883932

[8] Zhou Y fang, Luo B an, Qin L lu. The association between vitamin D de fi ciency and community-acquired pneumonia. :1–7.

[9] Id VO, Triasih R, Graham SM, Bines JE, Soenarto Y, Clarke MW, et al. Vitamin D deficiency and severity of pneumonia in Indonesian children. 2021;67:1–14. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254488

[10] Ismail HA, Menazie EM, Ibrahim SMK, Elbaky NMA. Study of Vitamin D Status in Pneumonia among Children between 6 Months to 3 Years of Age. 2021;254–67.

[11] Chen S, Ye W, Zheng W, Xu Z, Chen Y, Jin L. Increased serum antimicrobial peptide LL-37 and HBD-2 combined with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 deficiency in infants with pertussis. J Infect Dev Ctries [Internet]. 2020;14:1164–9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.12317

[12] Chung C, Silwal P, Kim I, Modlin RL, Jo EK. Vitamin D-Cathelicidin Axis: at the Crossroads between Protective Immunity and Pathological Inflammation during Infection. Immune Netw [Internet]. 2020;20:e12–e12. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32395364

[13] Subanada IB, Bakta IM, Suryawan IWB, Astawa P, Satriyasa BK. Association between Vitamin D Level, Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms, and Cathelicidin Level to Acute Lower Respiratory Infections, and the Picture of Exon 2-Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in Children under 5 years old. Open Access Maced J Med Sci [Internet]. 2020;8:536–41. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.4352

Vitamin D and cathelicidin assessment in children with pneumonia

Abstract

References

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