Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer

Clinical characteristics and mortality associated with COVID-19 in islamic hospital of Jemursari, Surabaya, Indonesia: A hospital-based retrospective cohort study

  • Evi Awwaliyah ,
  • Hotimah ,
  • Michio Shimabukuro ,


Abstract

Introduction: According to WHO, the COVID-19 epidemic a public health emergency came to international attention in March 2020, and the pandemic quickly spread around the world. This disease is caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which may enter human target cells via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). This study aimed to assess the risk factors associated with poor prognosis among COVID-19 patients in the Islamic Hospital of Jemursari, Surabaya, Indonesia.

Methods: This study was a retrospective cohort study that used patients hospitalized with COVID-19 at the Islamic Hospital of Jemursari, Surabaya as a study subject. Patients of all ages who enter the hospital and were confirmed with a positive real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) result for SARS-CoV-2 were inclusion criteria of this study.

Results: We included 554 COVID-19-positive patients with the highest age at 26-35 years old as much as 26.72%, followed by the second highest at 36-45 years old at 20.86%. In addition, from all the patients in this study, it was found that the most patients were 281 male and 273 female. Characteristics of comorbidities in COVID-19 patients, where type 2 diabetes mellitus is the most comorbid factor 88.89% in recovered COVID-19 patients and 11.11% in patients who have died. In addition, hypertension is also the second most comorbid 96.55% of Covid-19 patients.

Conclusion: Based on this study, the independent risk factors related to critical outcomes among COVID-19 cases include old age, males, diabetes mellitus, cardiac-related disease history, and the presence of two or more comorbidities. In future research, we suggest designing a unique multi-item scale system to prognosticate COVID-19 patients.

Keywords: COVID-19 characteristic mortality prognosis

References

  1. Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020;395(10229):1054–62.
  2. Dong E, Du H, Gardner L. An interactive web-based dashboard to track COVID-19 in real time. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020;20(5):533–4. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30120-1
  3. Clark A, Jit M, Warren-Gash C, Guthrie B, Wang HHX, Mercer SW, et al. Global, regional, and national estimates of the population at increased risk of severe COVID-19 due to underlying health conditions in 2020: a modelling study. Lancet Glob Heal. 2020;8(8):e1003–17.
  4. Nachega JB, Leisegang R, Kallay O, Mills EJ, Zumla A, Lester RT. Mobile Health Technology for Enhancing the COVID-19 Response in Africa: A Potential Game Changer? Am J Trop Med Hyg. 103(1):3–5.
  5. Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, et al. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020;323(11):1061–9.
  6. Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet (London, England). 2020/01/30. 2020;395(10223):507–13.
  7. Guan W-J, Liang W-H, Zhao Y, Liang H-R, Chen Z-S, Li Y-M, et al. Comorbidity and its impact on 1590 patients with COVID-19 in China: a nationwide analysis. Eur Respir J. 2020;55(5):2000547.
  8. Hoffmann M, Kleine-Weber H, Schroeder S, Krüger N, Herrler T, Erichsen S, et al. SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor. Cell. 2020/03/05. 2020;181(2):271-280.e8.
  9. Morrison S, McGee SL. 3T3-L1 adipocytes display phenotypic characteristics of multiple adipocyte lineages. Adipocyte. 2015;4(4):295–302.
  10. Seow JJW, Pai R, Mishra A, Shepherdson E, Lim TKH, Goh BKP, et al. Single-Cell RNA-seq Reveals Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 and Transmembrane Serine Protease 2 Expression in TROP2(+) Liver Progenitor Cells: Implications in Coronavirus Disease 2019-Associated Liver Dysfunction. Front Med. 2021;8:603374.
  11. Tikellis C, Thomas MC. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) Is a Key Modulator of the Renin Angiotensin System in Health and Disease. Kim SH, editor. Int J Pept. 2012;2012:256294.
  12. Scheja L, Heeren J. The endocrine function of adipose tissues in health and cardiometabolic disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2019;15(9):507–24.
  13. Aguet F, Brown AA, Castel SE, Davis JR, He Y, Jo B, et al. Genetic effects on gene expression across human tissues. Nature. 2017;550(7675):204–13.
  14. Ryan PM, Caplice NM. Is Adipose Tissue a Reservoir for Viral Spread, Immune Activation, and Cytokine Amplification in Coronavirus Disease 2019? Obesity (Silver Spring). 2020;28(7):1191–4.
  15. M. BJJ, A. DRJ, J. VFL. Intracellular Infections Enhance Interleukin-6 and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 Production by Cocultivated Human Adipocytes and THP-1 Monocytes. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2009;16(8):1222–7.
  16. Malavazos AE, Corsi Romanelli MM, Bandera F, Iacobellis G. Targeting the Adipose Tissue in COVID-19. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2020;28(7):1178—1179.
  17. Peres IT, Bastos LSL, Gelli JGM, Marchesi JF, Dantas LF, Antunes BBP. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID- 19 . The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect , the company ’ s public news and information website . Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories , such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source . These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active . Sociodemographic factors associated with COVID-19 in-hospital mortality in Brazil. 2020;(January).
  18. Sohrabi MR, Amin R, Maher A, Bahadorimonfared A, Janbazi S, Hannani K, et al. Sociodemographic determinants and clinical risk factors associated with COVID-19 severity: a cross-sectional analysis of over 200,000 patients in Tehran, Iran. BMC Infect Dis. 2021;21(1):1–13.
  19. Bruminhent J, Ruangsubvilai N, Nabhindhakara J, Ingsathit A, Kiertiburanakul S. Clinical characteristics and risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among patients under investigation in Thailand. PLoS One. 2020;15(9 September):1–14. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239250

How to Cite

Evi Awwaliyah, Hotimah, & Michio Shimabukuro. (2022). Clinical characteristics and mortality associated with COVID-19 in islamic hospital of Jemursari, Surabaya, Indonesia: A hospital-based retrospective cohort study. Bali Medical Journal, 11(3), 1202–1206. https://doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v11i3.3541
ACM ACS APA ABNT Chicago Harvard IEEE MLA Turabian Vancouver
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX

HTML
0

Total
0

Share

Search Panel

Evi Awwaliyah
Google Scholar
Pubmed
BMJ Journal

Hotimah
Google Scholar
Pubmed
BMJ Journal

Michio Shimabukuro
Google Scholar
Pubmed
BMJ Journal