Stress due to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic affects the menstrual cycle in college students

Raden Khairiyatul  Afiyah; Nurul  Kamariyah; Lono  Wijayanti; Siti Nur  Hasina; Nisa Wahyu Dika Mila  Sari; Ratna Yunita  Sari; Rusdianingseh; Firman Suryadi  Rahman

doi:10.15562/bmj.v11i3.3538

Stress due to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic affects the menstrual cycle in college students

Raden Khairiyatul Afiyah ,

Nurul Kamariyah ,

Lono Wijayanti ,

Siti Nur Hasina ,

Nisa Wahyu Dika Mila Sari ,

Ratna Yunita Sari ,

Rusdianingseh ,

Firman Suryadi Rahman ,

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v11i3.3538 |
Published: 2022-09-13

Abstract

Introduction: The demands of academic life and obstacles during online learning in the Covid-19 pandemic make female students physically and mentally exhausted which can trigger stress. Stress involves the neuroendocrinological system that can affect the menstrual cycle. This study aims to analyze the correlation between stress due to online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic with students' menstrual cycles.

Method: The data measured are the stress due to online learning during the pandemic and the student’s menstrual cycles through the DASS 42 questionnaire (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 42) to measure stress levels and a questionnaire containing categories to measure students' menstrual cycles.

Results: This study found that stress levels are correlated with the menstrual cycle. Stress levels affect the condition of the menstrual cycle

Conclusion: This study proves that stress due to online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic is related to the menstrual cycle of students.

References

Schiff M, Zasiekina L, Pat-Horenczyk R, Benbenishty R. COVID-related functional difficulties and concerns among university students during COVID-19 pandemic: A binational perspective. J Community Health. 2020;1–9.
Mahapatra A, Sharma P. Education in times of COVID-19 pandemic: Academic stress and its psychosocial impact on children and adolescents in India. Int J Soc Psychiatry,. 2020;
Besser A, Lotem S, Zeigler-Hill V. Psychological stress and vocal symptoms among university professors in Israel: implications of the shift to online synchronous teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Voice. 2020;
Benham G. Stress and sleep in college students prior to and during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Stress Heal. 2021;37(3):504–15.
Demir O, Sal H, Comba C. Triangle of COVID, anxiety and menstrual cycle. J Obstet Gynaecol (Lahore). 2021;1–5.
Phelan N, Behan LA, Owens L. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women’s reproductive health. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021;12.
Spagnolo PA, Manson JE, Joffe H. Sex and gender differences in health: what the COVID-19 pandemic can teach us. Am Coll Physicians. 2020;
Sharp G, Fraser A, Sawyer G, Kountourides G, Easey K, Ford G, et al. The COVID-19 pandemic and the menstrual cycle: research gaps and opportunities. Int J Epidemiol. 2021;51(3):691–700.
Wyskida K, Kozieł K, Pȩdrys K, Setlak M, Olszanecka Glinianowicz M. The impact of stress on the regularity of menstrual cycle during COVID-19 pandemic. Obes Facts,. 2021;77.
Afiyah R. Gambaran Respon Psikologis Saat Menarche Pada Siswi Kelas 4-6 SD Khadijah Surabaya. J Heal Sci. 2016;9(2).
Prado RCR, Silveira R, Asano RY. SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID‐19) pandemic and a possible impact in the future of menstrual cycle research. Heal Sci Reports. 2021;4(2).
Donker MH, Mastrotheodoros S, Branje S. Development of parent-adolescent relationships during the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of stress and coping. Dev Psychol. 2021;57(10):1611–22.
Yuksel B, Ozgor F. Effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic on female sexual behavior. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2020;150(1):98–102.
Ajari EE. Why menstrual health and wellbeing promotion should not be Sidelined in Africa’s response to COVID-19. Eur J Environ Public Heal. 2020;4(2):em0045.
Amaliyah M, Afiyah RK. Kompres Hangat Mempengaruhi Derajat Nyeri Menstruasi Pada Siswi Kelas X Di SMA Negeri 2 Pamekasan. J Ilm Kesehat (The J Heal Sci. 2015;8(1):76–80.
Juliyatmi RH, Handayani L. Nutritional Status and Age at Menarche on Female Students of Junior High School. Int J Eval Res Educ. 2015;4(2).
Moelyo AG, Wulandari A, Imas O, Rahma UP, Hidayah N, Kesumaningtyas C, et al. Age at menarche and early menarche among healthy adolescents. Paediatr Indones. 2019;59(1):33–7.
Martinez GM. Trends and patterns in menarche in the United States: 1995 through 2013–2017. Natl Health Stat Report. 2020;146:1–11.

[1] Schiff M, Zasiekina L, Pat-Horenczyk R, Benbenishty R. COVID-related functional difficulties and concerns among university students during COVID-19 pandemic: A binational perspective. J Community Health. 2020;1–9.

[2] Mahapatra A, Sharma P. Education in times of COVID-19 pandemic: Academic stress and its psychosocial impact on children and adolescents in India. Int J Soc Psychiatry,. 2020;

[3] Besser A, Lotem S, Zeigler-Hill V. Psychological stress and vocal symptoms among university professors in Israel: implications of the shift to online synchronous teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Voice. 2020;

[4] Benham G. Stress and sleep in college students prior to and during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Stress Heal. 2021;37(3):504–15.

[5] Demir O, Sal H, Comba C. Triangle of COVID, anxiety and menstrual cycle. J Obstet Gynaecol (Lahore). 2021;1–5.

[6] Phelan N, Behan LA, Owens L. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women’s reproductive health. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021;12.

[7] Spagnolo PA, Manson JE, Joffe H. Sex and gender differences in health: what the COVID-19 pandemic can teach us. Am Coll Physicians. 2020;

[8] Sharp G, Fraser A, Sawyer G, Kountourides G, Easey K, Ford G, et al. The COVID-19 pandemic and the menstrual cycle: research gaps and opportunities. Int J Epidemiol. 2021;51(3):691–700.

[9] Wyskida K, Kozieł K, Pȩdrys K, Setlak M, Olszanecka Glinianowicz M. The impact of stress on the regularity of menstrual cycle during COVID-19 pandemic. Obes Facts,. 2021;77.

[10] Afiyah R. Gambaran Respon Psikologis Saat Menarche Pada Siswi Kelas 4-6 SD Khadijah Surabaya. J Heal Sci. 2016;9(2).

[11] Prado RCR, Silveira R, Asano RY. SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID‐19) pandemic and a possible impact in the future of menstrual cycle research. Heal Sci Reports. 2021;4(2).

[12] Donker MH, Mastrotheodoros S, Branje S. Development of parent-adolescent relationships during the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of stress and coping. Dev Psychol. 2021;57(10):1611–22.

[13] Yuksel B, Ozgor F. Effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic on female sexual behavior. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2020;150(1):98–102.

[14] Ajari EE. Why menstrual health and wellbeing promotion should not be Sidelined in Africa’s response to COVID-19. Eur J Environ Public Heal. 2020;4(2):em0045.

[15] Amaliyah M, Afiyah RK. Kompres Hangat Mempengaruhi Derajat Nyeri Menstruasi Pada Siswi Kelas X Di SMA Negeri 2 Pamekasan. J Ilm Kesehat (The J Heal Sci. 2015;8(1):76–80.

[16] Juliyatmi RH, Handayani L. Nutritional Status and Age at Menarche on Female Students of Junior High School. Int J Eval Res Educ. 2015;4(2).

[17] Moelyo AG, Wulandari A, Imas O, Rahma UP, Hidayah N, Kesumaningtyas C, et al. Age at menarche and early menarche among healthy adolescents. Paediatr Indones. 2019;59(1):33–7.

[18] Martinez GM. Trends and patterns in menarche in the United States: 1995 through 2013–2017. Natl Health Stat Report. 2020;146:1–11.

Stress due to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic affects the menstrual cycle in college students

Abstract

References

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