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Physical fitness assessment for lower limb disability: rationale and design to develop a new formula



Abstract

Introduction: Injuries are a major medical problem in military populations. The physical fitness assessment is a series of tests that measure and monitor physical fitness levels. The existing physical fitness assessment and formula used by the Indonesian Military requires a running test that only applies to healthy soldiers. This study attempted to construct a formula for assessing physical fitness using tests that soldiers may perform with lower limb injury/disability.

Method: The design of the study was an internal cross-sectional comparison. This study included 104 healthy, well-trained male normal soldiers (NS) and 50 injured or disabled soldiers (DS) who matched the inclusion criteria. The NS was required to perform a 12-minute running and wheeling test, a ball-throwing test, push-ups, and lunges. The DS was also required to perform the same tests except for the 12-minute running test and lunges. The analysis of the data consisted of four steps: constructing a conceptual framework, describing the characteristics of each group, identifying significant indicators using Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to develop a physical fitness formula, and determining whether the formula is appropriate for assessing physical fitness in running and wheeling tests.

Result: There is no significant difference in the characteristics of NS and DS (p>0.05); thus, the subjects in both groups are comparable. Physical fitness test has several major contributing factors: distance, test method, muscle strength, and age. There is no significant difference in the number of NS in each category between the running and wheeling tests (p>0.05).

Conclusion: Physical fitness formula= {1.1 × (0.98 × distance*) + (0.97 × method value**)} – (0.093 × age) – (0.17 × muscle strength***) Note: *) Distance traveled during running or wheeling test (meter). **) The running test method value is entered as 1, and the wheeling test method value is entered as 2. ***) The value of wheeling muscle strength is obtained from the ball-throwing test. In contrast, the value of running muscle strength can be determined by multiplying the result of the ball-throwing test by 2. These findings may be used for assessing the physical fitness of normal soldiers or those with lower limb injury/disability.

Keywords: Physical fitness formula wheeling test injury disability

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How to Cite

Ernandini, E., Trevino Aristarkus Pakasi, Dewi Irawati Soeria Santoso, Tinduh, D., Listya Tresnanti Mirtha, Sally Aman Nasution, Anita, & Nusdwinuringtyas, N. (2022). Physical fitness assessment for lower limb disability: rationale and design to develop a new formula. Bali Medical Journal, 11(3), 1262–1268. https://doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v11i3.3520
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Endang Ernandini
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Trevino Aristarkus Pakasi
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Dewi Irawati Soeria Santoso
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Damayanti Tinduh
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Listya Tresnanti Mirtha
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Sally Aman Nasution
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Nury Nusdwinuringtyas
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