The relationship of tumor necrosis factor alpha levels and neutrophils with skin wound age caused by sharp trauma

M. Husni Cangara; Indah Wulan Sari; Berti Julian Nelwan; Cahyono Kaelan; Gunawan Arsyadi

doi:10.15562/bmj.v11i1.3250

The relationship of tumor necrosis factor alpha levels and neutrophils with skin wound age caused by sharp trauma

M. Husni Cangara ,

Indah Wulan Sari ,

Berti Julian Nelwan ,

Cahyono Kaelan ,

Gunawan Arsyadi ,

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v11i1.3250 |
Published: 2022-04-30

Abstract

Background: Sharp force injuries are the second most common cause of trauma after blunt force injury. TNF- α is a cytokine that triggers the expression of adhesion molecules, other cytokines and chemokines by endothelial cells, stopped and migrated to damaged tissues or infections that trigger inflammation. Furthermore, the initial population of leukocytes leading to the wound comprises mostly neutrophils. This study aimed to assess the correlation between TNF-α levels in the blood and skin tissues and neutrophils number with the wound age of wounds caused by sharp trauma.

Methods: This study is an experimental study using animal models. The samples were divided into the control group and the group in which the blood and the skin tissue samples were taken 1-, 3-, 12-, 24-, 48- and 72 hours after being sharp traumatized. The Elisa method examined the samples from the blood, and the skin of the right back of the mice was examined for TNF-α levels. Others from the left-back skin of the mice were microscopically examined to assess the number of neutrophils.

Results: The TNF- α level from the skin samples were detected in wound tissue as the peak levels were in the 24 hours post-traumatic group. The TNF-α levels from blood samples indicated a significant difference in TNF-α levels in each group (p < 0.05). However, TNF-α levels from skin samples showed no significant difference between each group. From the microscopic examination, there was a significant difference in the infiltration of neutrophil cells in all groups (p<0,05). The neutrophils peak at 24 hours post-traumatic.

Conclusion: There was no significant correlation between the TNF-α levels and the number of neutrophils with the wound age in wounds caused by sharp traumas.

References

Schmidt, U. Sharp Trauma. In Encyclopedia of Forensic Sciences. Waltham. Academic Press. 2013. 2nd Edition. 39-46.
Nerchan E, Mallo JF, Mallo NTS. Pola Luka Pada Kematian Akibat Kekerasan Tajam Di Bagian Ilmu Kedokteran Forensik dan Medikolegal RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado Periode 2013. E-Clinic. 2015; 3(2): 640-645.
Birincioğlu İ, Akbaba M, Alver A, et al. Determination of skin wound age by using cytokines as potential markers. J Forensic Leg Med. 2016; 44:14-19.
Ritsu M, Kawakami K, Kanno E, et al. Critical role of tumor necrosis factor- a in the early process of wound healing in skin. Journal of Dermatology & Dermatologic Surgery. 2017; 21: 14–19.
Grellner W, Georg T, Wilske J. Quantitative analysis of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha) in human skin wounds. Forensic Sci Int. 2000; 113(1-3): 251-264.
Takamiya M, Fujita S, Saigusa K, et al. Simultaneous detection of eight cytokines in human dermal wounds with a multiplex bead-based immunoassay for wound age estimation. Int J Legal Med. 2008; 122(2): 143-148.
Thiruvoth FM, Mohapatra DP, Kumar D, et al. Current concepts in the physiology of adult wound healing. Plast Aesthet Res. 2015; 2: 250-256.
Casse JM, Martrille L, Vignaud JM, et al. Skin wounds vitality markers in forensic pathology: An updated review. Med Sci Law. 2016; 56(2): 128-137.
Gantwerker EA, Hom DB. Skin: histology and physiology of wound healing. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2011; 19(3): 441-453.
Al-Kholy AF, Hassan M, Mansour MA et al. Tissue Extract Fluid Cytokine Levels as Markers for Wound Vitality, International Journal of Sciences, 2016; 5(06): 87-94.
Mast BA, Schultz GS. Interactions of cytokines, growth factors, and proteases in acute and chronic wounds. Wound Repair Regen. 1996; 4(4): 411-420.
Sgonc R, Gruber J. Age-related aspects of cutaneous wound healing: a mini-review. Gerontology. 2013; 59(2): 159-164.

[1] Schmidt, U. Sharp Trauma. In Encyclopedia of Forensic Sciences. Waltham. Academic Press. 2013. 2nd Edition. 39-46.

[2] Nerchan E, Mallo JF, Mallo NTS. Pola Luka Pada Kematian Akibat Kekerasan Tajam Di Bagian Ilmu Kedokteran Forensik dan Medikolegal RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado Periode 2013. E-Clinic. 2015; 3(2): 640-645.

[3] Birincioğlu İ, Akbaba M, Alver A, et al. Determination of skin wound age by using cytokines as potential markers. J Forensic Leg Med. 2016; 44:14-19.

[4] Ritsu M, Kawakami K, Kanno E, et al. Critical role of tumor necrosis factor- a in the early process of wound healing in skin. Journal of Dermatology & Dermatologic Surgery. 2017; 21: 14–19.

[5] Grellner W, Georg T, Wilske J. Quantitative analysis of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha) in human skin wounds. Forensic Sci Int. 2000; 113(1-3): 251-264.

[6] Takamiya M, Fujita S, Saigusa K, et al. Simultaneous detection of eight cytokines in human dermal wounds with a multiplex bead-based immunoassay for wound age estimation. Int J Legal Med. 2008; 122(2): 143-148.

[7] Thiruvoth FM, Mohapatra DP, Kumar D, et al. Current concepts in the physiology of adult wound healing. Plast Aesthet Res. 2015; 2: 250-256.

[8] Casse JM, Martrille L, Vignaud JM, et al. Skin wounds vitality markers in forensic pathology: An updated review. Med Sci Law. 2016; 56(2): 128-137.

[9] Gantwerker EA, Hom DB. Skin: histology and physiology of wound healing. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2011; 19(3): 441-453.

[10] Al-Kholy AF, Hassan M, Mansour MA et al. Tissue Extract Fluid Cytokine Levels as Markers for Wound Vitality, International Journal of Sciences, 2016; 5(06): 87-94.

[11] Mast BA, Schultz GS. Interactions of cytokines, growth factors, and proteases in acute and chronic wounds. Wound Repair Regen. 1996; 4(4): 411-420.

[12] Sgonc R, Gruber J. Age-related aspects of cutaneous wound healing: a mini-review. Gerontology. 2013; 59(2): 159-164.

The relationship of tumor necrosis factor alpha levels and neutrophils with skin wound age caused by sharp trauma

Abstract

References

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