Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer

Factors affecting the occurrence of covid-19 transmission on health workers: a literature review



Abstract

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has a serious impact on health care workers both physically and psychologically since they become more susceptible to COVID-19 infection due to frequent exposure to individuals infected by COVID-19, work pressure, inadequate conditions of protective equipment, and the accuracy of decision making. This study aims to identify factors affecting the spread of COVID-19 in hospitals.

Methods: The study used the literature review method, with article searches on five databases, namely PubMed, EBSCOhost, MEDLINE, ProQuest, and google scholar. The searching process for articles used keywords, including related word synonyms and MESH. The number of the research articles identified included PubMed, EBSCOhost, MEDLINE, ProQuest and google scholar, with 1302. The next step was to use prism chart analysis and select 15 journals that met the inclusion and predefined exclusion criteria.

Results: The research analysis results showed that the health workers who were most affected by the COVID-19 transmission were the nursing profession. Factors that influenced the message of COVID-19 in hospitals included internal factors, such as comorbidities, work experience, education and training, stress, hand hygiene, and external factors: hospital environmental design, reduction of personal protective equipment, culture and ethnicity, government policies.

Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic that has not ended requires changes in the design of care facilities, culture, the behavior of health workers, government policies that can break the chain of transmission of COVID-19 to health workers in hospitals.

Keywords: COVID-19 Health Workers Transmission

References

  1. Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor HK.01.07/MenKes/413/2020 Tentang Pedoman Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19). MenKes/413/2020. 2020;2019:207.
  2. Lacina L. How to protect health workers now: WHO COVID-19 briefing | World Economic Forum [Internet]. World Economic Forum. 2020. Available from: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/04/10-april-who-briefing-health-workers-covid-19-ppe-training/
  3. Dias CS, Verona AP. Confirmed cases and deaths by COVID-19: A comparison among the BRICS countries [Internet]. Center for Open Science; 2020. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/dmtfy
  4. Tom Wingfield MT. Healthcare workers and coronavirus: behind the stiff upper lip we are highly vulnerable [Internet]. The Conversation. 2020. Available from: https://theconversation.com/healthcare-workers-and-coronavirus-behind-the-stiff-upper-lip-we-are-highly-vulnerable-133864
  5. Wang J, Zhou M, Liu F. Reasons for healthcare workers becoming infected with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. J Hosp Infect. 2020/03/06. 2020;105(1):100–1. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32147406
  6. Ng K. Coronavirus: 50 doctors have now died in Italy as health system under growing pressure | The Independent | The Independent [Internet]. Independent. 2020. Available from: https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/coronavirus-outbreak-italy-doctors-medical-workers-died-a9431511.html
  7. Nguyen LH, Drew DA, Joshi AD, Guo C-G, Ma W, Mehta RS, et al. Risk of COVID-19 among frontline healthcare workers and the general community: a prospective cohort study. medRxiv Prepr Serv Heal Sci. 2020;2020.04.29.20084111. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32511531
  8. Mhango M, Dzobo M, Chitungo I, Dzinamarira T. COVID-19 Risk Factors Among Health Workers: A Rapid Review. Saf Health Work. 2020/06/06. 2020;11(3):262–5. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32995051
  9. Noha Mohamed Rashed. Risk Assessment and Management of Exposure of Health Care Workers In The Context of COVID-19 According to WHO in Egypt. Indian J Public Heal Res Dev. 2020; Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.37506/ijphrd.v11i8.10938
  10. Asemahagn MA. Factors determining the knowledge and prevention practice of healthcare workers towards COVID-19 in Amhara region, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional survey. Trop Med Health. 2020;48:72. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32839649
  11. Ran L, Chen X, Wang Y, Wu W, Zhang L, Tan X. Risk Factors of Healthcare Workers With Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Retrospective Cohort Study in a Designated Hospital of Wuhan in China. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71(16):2218–21. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32179890
  12. Firew T, Sano ED, Lee JW, Flores S, Lang K, Salman K, et al. Protecting the front line: a cross-sectional survey analysis of the occupational factors contributing to healthcare workers’ infection and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA. BMJ Open. 2020;10(10):e042752–e042752. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33087382
  13. Jin Y-H, Huang Q, Wang Y-Y, Zeng X-T, Luo L-S, Pan Z-Y, et al. Perceived infection transmission routes, infection control practices, psychosocial changes, and management of COVID-19 infected healthcare workers in a tertiary acute care hospital in Wuhan: a cross-sectional survey. Mil Med Res. 2020;7(1):24. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32393381
  14. Rizza S, Coppeta L, Grelli S, Ferrazza G, Chiocchi M, Vanni G, et al. High body mass index and night shift work are associated with COVID-19 in health care workers. J Endocrinol Invest. 2020/08/27. 2021;44(5):1097–101. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32852704
  15. Çelebi G, Pi?kin N, Çelik Bekleviç A, Altunay Y, Salc? Kele? A, Tüz MA, et al. Specific risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 transmission among health care workers in a university hospital. Am J Infect Control. 2020/08/06. 2020;48(10):1225–30. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32771498
  16. Wang Y, Wu W, Cheng Z, Tan X, Yang Z, Zeng X, et al. Super-factors associated with transmission of occupational COVID-19 infection among healthcare staff in Wuhan, China. J Hosp Infect. 2020/06/20. 2020;106(1):25–34. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32574702
  17. Zheng C, Hafezi-Bakhtiari N, Cooper V, Davidson H, Habibi M, Riley P, et al. Characteristics and transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in healthcare workers at a London teaching hospital. J Hosp Infect. 2020/07/28. 2020;106(2):325–9. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32730771
  18. Lan F-Y, Wei C-F, Hsu Y-T, Christiani DC, Kales SN. Work-related COVID-19 transmission in six Asian countries/areas: A follow-up study. PLoS One. 2020;15(5):e0233588–e0233588. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32428031
  19. Lahner E, Dilaghi E, Prestigiacomo C, Alessio G, Marcellini L, Simmaco M, et al. Prevalence of Sars-Cov-2 Infection in Health Workers (HWs) and Diagnostic Test Performance: The Experience of a Teaching Hospital in Central Italy. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(12):4417. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32575505
  20. Chou R, Dana T, Buckley DI, Selph S, Fu R, Totten AM. Epidemiology of and Risk Factors for Coronavirus Infection in Health Care Workers: A Living Rapid Review. Ann Intern Med. 2020/05/05. 2020;173(2):120–36. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32369541
  21. Chersich MF, Gray G, Fairlie L, Eichbaum Q, Mayhew S, Allwood B, et al. COVID-19 in Africa: care and protection for frontline healthcare workers. Global Health. 2020;16(1):46. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32414379
  22. CDC Weekly C. The Epidemiological Characteristics of an Outbreak of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19) — China, 2020. China CDC Wkly. 2020;2(8):113–22. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.46234/ccdcw2020.032
  23. Jagtap V, Sciences M, Ete T, Sciences M. Factors affecting High-Risk exposure amongst Health Care Workers (HCW). J Indian Med Assoc. 2021;119(1):56–9.
  24. Gómez-Ochoa SA, Franco OH, Rojas LZ, Raguindin PF, Roa-Díaz ZM, Wyssmann BM, et al. COVID-19 in Health-Care Workers: A Living Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prevalence, Risk Factors, Clinical Characteristics, and Outcomes. Am J Epidemiol. 2021;190(1):161–75. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32870978
  25. Wei X-S, Wang X-R, Zhang J-C, Yang W-B, Ma W-L, Yang B-H, et al. A cluster of health care workers with COVID-19 pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2020/04/27. 2021;54(1):54–60. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32359943
  26. Heinzerling A, Stuckey MJ, Scheuer T, Xu K, Perkins KM, Resseger H, et al. Transmission of COVID-19 to Health Care Personnel During Exposures to a Hospitalized Patient - Solano County, California, February 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(15):472–6. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32298249
  27. Algado-Sellés N, Gras-Valentí P, Chico-Sánchez P, Mora-Muriel JG, Soler-Molina VM, Hernández-Maldonado M, et al. Frequency, Associated Risk Factors, and Characteristics of COVID-19 Among Healthcare Personnel in a Spanish Health Department. Am J Prev Med. 2020/08/18. 2020;59(6):e221–9. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33220760
  28. Piccoli L, Ferrari P, Piumatti G, Jovic S, Rodriguez BF, Mele F, et al. Risk assessment and seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare workers of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 hospitals in Southern Switzerland. Lancet Reg Heal Eur. 2020/12/17. 2021;1:100013. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34173621
  29. Update to living WHO guideline on drugs for covid-19. BMJ. 2021;n860. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n860
  30. Kalra A, Michos ED, Chinnaiyan KM. COVID-19 and the healthcare workers. Eur Heart J. 2020;41(31):2936–7. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32501476
  31. Al Abri ZGH, Al Zeedi MASA, Al Lawati AA. Risk Factors Associated with COVID-19 Infected Healthcare Workers in Muscat Governorate, Oman. J Prim Care Community Health. 2021;12:2150132721995454–2150132721995454. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33576288

How to Cite

Arofiati, F., & Muntu Untu, F. F. (2021). Factors affecting the occurrence of covid-19 transmission on health workers: a literature review. Bali Medical Journal, 10(3), 1029–1037. https://doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v10i3.2817
ACM ACS APA ABNT Chicago Harvard IEEE MLA Turabian Vancouver
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX

HTML
3

Total
67

Share

Search Panel

Fitri Arofiati
Google Scholar
Pubmed
BMJ Journal

Feiby F Muntu Untu
Google Scholar
Pubmed
BMJ Journal