Effect of glutathione administration as adjuvant therapy to NO and MDA level in Wistar rat peritonitis model

Ivani Yunita Korwa; Mulflihatul Muniroh; Tri Nur Kristina; Agung Aji Prasetyo; Endang Mahati

doi:10.15562/bmj.v10i2.2227

Effect of glutathione administration as adjuvant therapy to NO and MDA level in Wistar rat peritonitis model

Ivani Yunita Korwa ,

Mulflihatul Muniroh ,

Tri Nur Kristina ,

Agung Aji Prasetyo ,

Endang Mahati ,

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v10i2.2227 |
Published: 2021-08-10

Abstract

Background: Excessive amounts of free radicals beyond the antioxidant levels in the body will cause a condition called oxidative stress. Nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) are produced under conditions of oxidative stress. Glutathione (GSH) is the most endogenous antioxidant synthesized in humans. Therefore this study aims to prove whether the administration of glutathione as an adjuvant therapy can reduce levels of NO and MDA in peritonitis.

Methods: This is an experimental study with a post-test-only control group design. Twenty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (6 rats/group). The first group (C) was a control group. The second group (P) was induced by peritonitis. The third group (P+Cef) was peritonitis-induced groups with given Ceftriaxone injection as therapy. The fourth group (P+Cef+Glu) was peritonitis-induced groups with given Ceftriaxone injection and glutathione as adjuvant therapy. After 24 hours, blood samples were taken for examination of NO and MDA levels. Data is considered significant if the p-value <0.05.

Results: There was a significant increase in NO level from Group 2 to Group 4 (P<0,05). There were no significant differences between MDA levels groups (P>0,05).

Conclusion: Glutathione as adjuvant therapy is not adequate to reduce NO and MDA levels in peritonitis.

References

Beilman GJ DD. Surgical Infection. In: Anderson DK BT, Dunn DL, Hunter JG, Matthews JB, Pollock RE, editor. Schwart'z principle of surgery. 10th ed. New York: Mc Graw Hill; 2015. p. 149.
Rocha M HR, Rovira S, Hernandez-Mijares A, Victor VM. . Mitochondrial dysfunction and antioxidant therapy in sepsis. Infectious Disorders- Drug Targets. 2012;12:161-78.
Manttzarlis K TV, Zakynthinos E. Role of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in sepsis and potential therapies. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017:10.
Daga MK KN, Singh H, Chhoda A, Mattoo S, Gupta BK. Markers of oxidative stress and clinical outcome in critically ill septic patients: a preliminary study from North India. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016;10(8):35-8.
Winkler M, Kluge S, Holzmann M, Moritz E, Robbe L, Bauer A, et al. Markers of nitric oxide are associated with sepsis severity: an observational study. Critical Care. 2017;21(1):1-9.
Lorente L, Martin MM, Abreu-Gonzalez P, Dominguez-Rodriguez A, Labarta L, Diaz C, et al. Sustained high serum malondialdehyde levels are associated with severity and mortality in septic patients. Crit Care. 2013;17(6):R290.
Guerreiro MO, Petronilho F, Andrades M, Constantino L, Mina F, Moreira J, et al. Plasma superoxide dismutase activity and mortality in patients with septic. Journal of Trauma - Injury, Infection, and Critical Care. 2010;69:E102-6.
Lushchak VI. Glutathione homeostasis and functions: potential targets for medical interventions. J Amino Acids. 2012;2012:736837.
Nair AB, Jacob S. A simple practice guide for dose conversion between animals and human. J Basic Clin Pharm. 2016;7(2):27-31.
El-Ashker M, El-Khodery S, El-Boshy M, Mohamed A. Prognostic significance of lipid peroxide and antioxidant levels in draft horses with peritonitis. Comp Clin Pathol 2011;20:433–9.
Mishra S, Mishra B. Study of Lipid Peroxidation, Nitric Oxide End Product, and Trace Element Status in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with and without Complications. Int J Appl Basic Med Res. 2017;7:88-93.
Akash M, Rehman K, Liaqat A. Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha: Role in Development of Insulin Resistance and Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry. 2017;199(1):105-10.
Lakic? I, Belic? B, Cincovic? M, et al. Relationship of Circulating Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-?) and Insulin Secretion and Resistance in Euglycaemic Dogs. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae. 2020;48:1731.
Tessari P, Cecchet D, Cosma A, et al. Nitric oxide synthesis is reduced in subjects with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. Diabetes. 2010;59:2152?9.
Yildirim Y, Cellad EG, Kara AV, Yilmaz Z, Kadiroglu AK, Bahadir MV, et al. Effect of intraperitoneal etanercept on oxidative stress in rats with peritonitis. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016;2016:9418468.
Altincik A SF, Yenisey C, Duman S, Can A, Akev N, Kirdar S, et al. Effects of Aloe vera leaf gel extract on rat peritonitis model. Indian Journal of Pharmacology. 2014;46(3):322-7.
Falcao TR AA, Soares LAL, Ramos, TM, Bezerra ICF, Ferreira MRA, et al. Crude extract and fractions from Eugenia uniflora Linn leaves showed anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2018;84:1-12.
Falca?o T, de Arau?jo A, Soares L, de Farias I, da Silva W, Ferreira M, et al. Libidibia ferrea fruit crude extract and fractions show anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antinociceptive effect in vivo and increase cell viability in vitro. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2019:1-13.
Goswami M, Sharma D, Khan NM, Checker R, Sandur SK, Jawali N. Antioxidant supplementation enhances bacterial peritonitis in mice by inhibiting phagocytosis. J Med Microbiol. 2014;63(Pt 3):355-66.
Allen J, Bradley RD. Effects of oral glutathione supplementation on systemic oxidative stress biomarkers in human volunteers. J Altern Complement Med. 2011;17(9):827-33.

[1] Beilman GJ DD. Surgical Infection. In: Anderson DK BT, Dunn DL, Hunter JG, Matthews JB, Pollock RE, editor. Schwart'z principle of surgery. 10th ed. New York: Mc Graw Hill; 2015. p. 149.

[2] Rocha M HR, Rovira S, Hernandez-Mijares A, Victor VM. . Mitochondrial dysfunction and antioxidant therapy in sepsis. Infectious Disorders- Drug Targets. 2012;12:161-78.

[3] Manttzarlis K TV, Zakynthinos E. Role of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in sepsis and potential therapies. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017:10.

[4] Daga MK KN, Singh H, Chhoda A, Mattoo S, Gupta BK. Markers of oxidative stress and clinical outcome in critically ill septic patients: a preliminary study from North India. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016;10(8):35-8.

[5] Winkler M, Kluge S, Holzmann M, Moritz E, Robbe L, Bauer A, et al. Markers of nitric oxide are associated with sepsis severity: an observational study. Critical Care. 2017;21(1):1-9.

[6] Lorente L, Martin MM, Abreu-Gonzalez P, Dominguez-Rodriguez A, Labarta L, Diaz C, et al. Sustained high serum malondialdehyde levels are associated with severity and mortality in septic patients. Crit Care. 2013;17(6):R290.

[7] Guerreiro MO, Petronilho F, Andrades M, Constantino L, Mina F, Moreira J, et al. Plasma superoxide dismutase activity and mortality in patients with septic. Journal of Trauma - Injury, Infection, and Critical Care. 2010;69:E102-6.

[8] Lushchak VI. Glutathione homeostasis and functions: potential targets for medical interventions. J Amino Acids. 2012;2012:736837.

[9] Nair AB, Jacob S. A simple practice guide for dose conversion between animals and human. J Basic Clin Pharm. 2016;7(2):27-31.

[10] El-Ashker M, El-Khodery S, El-Boshy M, Mohamed A. Prognostic significance of lipid peroxide and antioxidant levels in draft horses with peritonitis. Comp Clin Pathol 2011;20:433–9.

[11] Mishra S, Mishra B. Study of Lipid Peroxidation, Nitric Oxide End Product, and Trace Element Status in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with and without Complications. Int J Appl Basic Med Res. 2017;7:88-93.

[12] Akash M, Rehman K, Liaqat A. Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha: Role in Development of Insulin Resistance and Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry. 2017;199(1):105-10.

[13] Lakic? I, Belic? B, Cincovic? M, et al. Relationship of Circulating Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-?) and Insulin Secretion and Resistance in Euglycaemic Dogs. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae. 2020;48:1731.

[14] Tessari P, Cecchet D, Cosma A, et al. Nitric oxide synthesis is reduced in subjects with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. Diabetes. 2010;59:2152?9.

[15] Yildirim Y, Cellad EG, Kara AV, Yilmaz Z, Kadiroglu AK, Bahadir MV, et al. Effect of intraperitoneal etanercept on oxidative stress in rats with peritonitis. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016;2016:9418468.

[16] Altincik A SF, Yenisey C, Duman S, Can A, Akev N, Kirdar S, et al. Effects of Aloe vera leaf gel extract on rat peritonitis model. Indian Journal of Pharmacology. 2014;46(3):322-7.

[17] Falcao TR AA, Soares LAL, Ramos, TM, Bezerra ICF, Ferreira MRA, et al. Crude extract and fractions from Eugenia uniflora Linn leaves showed anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2018;84:1-12.

[18] Falca?o T, de Arau?jo A, Soares L, de Farias I, da Silva W, Ferreira M, et al. Libidibia ferrea fruit crude extract and fractions show anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antinociceptive effect in vivo and increase cell viability in vitro. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2019:1-13.

[19] Goswami M, Sharma D, Khan NM, Checker R, Sandur SK, Jawali N. Antioxidant supplementation enhances bacterial peritonitis in mice by inhibiting phagocytosis. J Med Microbiol. 2014;63(Pt 3):355-66.

[20] Allen J, Bradley RD. Effects of oral glutathione supplementation on systemic oxidative stress biomarkers in human volunteers. J Altern Complement Med. 2011;17(9):827-33.

Effect of glutathione administration as adjuvant therapy to NO and MDA level in Wistar rat peritonitis model

Abstract

References

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