Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer

The change of cell biometric and its nucleus on cervical-squamous-epithelial-cell with GA genotype of Fas-promoter-670 gene, high-risk human papillomavirus and Candida species infection: a case report



Abstract

Background: Cervical samples of patients with human papillomavirus (HPV) infections show positive results in HPV DNA testing. HPV infection can alter cervical squamous epithelial cells (CSECs) to be abnormal. Epigenetically, CSECs that change to be abnormal are affected by Fas-promoter-670 gene polymorphism. High-risk HPV (hr-HPV) patients can be infected by other microbes, for example, Candida species (Candida sp.). The present study's purpose was to show CSEC biometrics based on epigenetics of the Fas-promoter-670 gene polymorphism in Indonesian women with hr-HPV and Candida sp. infection. Biometric quantification was performed based on the following analysis of CSECs.

Case report: Indonesian hr-HPV women at the age of 28 years, with Candida sp. infection, underwent a Pap smear examination on April 21st, 2016, using the ThinPrep method, and a blood test was also performed using the cubital vein. Blood and ThinPrep samples were examined for the Fas-promoter-670 gene polymorphism. Epigenetically, the subjects had the GA genotype of the Fas-promoter-670 gene in the blood and ThinPrep samples. Patients with Candida sp. infection in the early stages were characterized by the appearance of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), whereas those in advanced stages presented without PMN on the hyphae. CSEC biometric measurements were performed quantitatively using mononuclear CSECs (mn-CSECs) and binucleated CSECs (bn-CSECs).

Conclusion: Biometric measurements of the CSECs were performed quantitatively and assessed the length, width, area and perimeter of the cell and its nuclei. Cell length, cell width, nucleus area, nucleus perimeter and nucleus length index were significantly different between the mn-CSECs, the 1st nucleus of bn-CSECs and 2nd nucleus of bn-CSECs (P<0.05).

Keywords: Epigenetics Fas promoter-670 gene Candida sp. cervical-squamous-epithelial-cells cell biometrics

References

  1. Hologic. The science of sure. Optima HPV Assay [package insert, AW-14517-001 Rev 001 (EN)], San Diego, CA; Hologic Inc, 2017. http://www.hologic.ca.
  2. Chen H, Shu HM, Chang Z, Wang Z, Yao H, Zhu H, Lu T, Ma Q and Yang B. Efficacy of Pap Test in combination with ThinPrep cytological test in screening for cervical cancer. Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev. 2012;13:1651-165. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2012.13.4.1651. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/5424/bbdbb8fbb7498c13bb5567c467afe6d42533.pdf.
  3. National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China. Chinese guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer (English version). Chin J Cancer Res. 2019;31(2):295-305. doi:10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2019.02.04. https://doi.org/10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2019.02.04.
  4. Rerucha C, Caro RJ, Vernon L and Wheeler VL. Cervical cancer screening. Am Fam Physician. 2018;97(7):441-448. https://www.aafp.org/afp/2018/0401/p441.html.
  5. Å arenac T and Mikov M. Cervical cancer, different treatments and importance of bile acids as therapeutic agents in this disease. Front Pharmacol. 2019;10(484):1-29. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00484. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2019.00484/full.
  6. Behrmann I, Walczak H and Krammer PH. Structure of the human APO-1 gene. Eur J Immunol. 1994;24:3057-3062. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/eji.1830241221.
  7. Inazawa J, Itoh N, Abe T and Nagata S: Assignment of the human Fas antigen gene (FAS) to 10q24.1. Genomics. 1992;14:821-822. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0888-7543(05)80200-9.
  8. Litcher P, Walczak H, Weitz S, Behrmann I and Krammer PH. The human APO-1 (APT) antigen maps to 10q23: A region that is systenic with mouse chromosome 19. Genomics. 1992;14:179-180. doi: 10.1016/s0888-7543(05)80302-7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1385299.
  9. Butler LM, Hewett PJ, Butler WJ, and Cowled PA. Down-regulation of Fas gene expression in colon cancer is not a result of allelic loss or gene rearrangement. Br J Cancer. 1998;77:1454-1459. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1998.239. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2150190/.
  10. Shimonishi T, Isse K, Shibata F, Aburatani I, Tsuneyama K, Sabit H, Harada K, Miyazaki K and nakanumai Y. Up-regulation of fas ligand at early stages and down-regulation of Fas at progressed stages of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma reflect evasion from immune surveillance. Hepatology. 2000;32:761-769. doi: 10.1053/jhep.2000.18192. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11003620.
  11. Farre L, Bittencourt AL, Silva-Santos G, Almeida A, Silva AC, Decanine D, Soares GM, Alcantara Jr LC, Van Dooren S, Galva˜ o-Castro C, Vandamme AM and Van Weyenbergh J. Fas–670 promoter polymorphism is associated to susceptibility, clinical presentation, and survival in adult T cell leukemia. J Leukocyte Biol. 2008;83:220-223. doi: 10.1189/jlb.0407198. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17962369.
  12. Kordi Tamandani DM, Sobti RC and Shekari M. Association of Fas670 gene polymorphism with risk of cervical cancer in North Indian population. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2008;35(3):183-186. PMid: 18754288. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18754288.
  13. Nunobiki O, Ueda M, Toji E, Yamamoto M, Akashi K, Sato N, Izuma S, Torii K, Tanaka I, Okamoto Y and Noda S. Genetic polymorphism of cancer susceptibility genes and HPV infection in cervical carcinogenesis. Patholog Res Int. 2011;364069:1-8. doi: 10.4061/2011/364069. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3108378/.
  14. Huang Q, Wang J and Hu Y. FAS-670 gene polymorphism and cervical carcinogenesis risk: A meta-analysis. Biomed Rep. 2013;1:889-894. doi: 10.3892/br.2013.159. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3916992/.
  15. Parwanto MLE, Wratsangka R, Guyansyah A, and Anggraeni K. Mutation on the Fas-promoter-670 gene, AA to GA in the normal cervix-epithelial-cells of high risk Indonesian mother: A case report. Bali Med J. 2019;8(1):360-364. doi: 10.15562/bmj.v%vi%i.1313. https://www.balimedicaljournal.org/index.php/bmj/article/view/1313.
  16. Kalantar E, Assadi M, Pormazaheri H, Hatami S, Barari MA, Asgari E, Mahmoudi E, Kabir K and Marashi SMA. Candida non albicans with a high amphotericin B resistance pattern causing Candidemia among cancer patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2014;15(24):10933-10935. doi: 10.4103/0973-1482.157307. http://journal.waocp.org/?_action=article&vol=3333&page=3&max_rows=25.
  17. Friedman DZP and Schwartz IS. Emerging fungal infections: new patients, new patterns, and new pathogens. J Fungi. 2019;5(67):1-19. doi: 10.3390/jof5030067. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31330862.
  18. Iranparast S, Assarehzadegan MA, Heike Y, Hossienzadeh M and Khodadadi A. Wilms' tumor gene (WT1) expression correlates with vascular epithelial growth factor (VEGF) in newly acute leukemia patients undergoing chemotherapy. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2014;15:9217-23. https://europepmc.org/article/med/25422204.
  19. Okodo M, Okayama K, Fukui T, Shiina N, Caniz T, Yabusaki H, and Fujii M. Significance of compression in binucleation while differentiating reactive cellular changes between human Papillomavirus and Candida infections. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2017;18(9):2507-2511. doi: 10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.9.2507. http://journal.waocp.org/index.php?_action=article&au=170739&_au=Okodo,%20Mitsuaki.
  20. Washiya K, Motoi M, Kobayashi T, Yoshioka H and Watanabe J. Significance of binucleated cells with compression in atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance. Acta Cytol. 2013;57:599-603. doi: 10.1159/000353802. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24107589.
  21. Gupta SM, and Mania-Pramanik J. Molecular mechanisms in progression of HPV-associated cervical carcinogenesis. J Biomed Sci. 2019;26(28):1-19. doi: 10.1186/s12929-019-0520-2. https://jbiomedsci.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12929-019-0520-2.
  22. Sabeena S, Kuriakose S, Binesh D, Abdulmajeed J, Dsouza G, Ramachandran A, Vijaykumar B, Aswathyraj S, Devadiga S, Ravishankar N and Arunkumar G. The utility of urine-based sampling for cervical cancer screening in low-resource settings. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2019;20(8):2409-2413. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2019.20.8.2409. http://journal.waocp.org/article_88688.html.
  23. Menon S, Broeck DV, Rossi R, Ogbe E, Harmon S and Mabeya H. Associations between vaginal infectionsand potential high-risk and high-risk human Papilloma virus genotypes in female sex workers in Western Kenya. Clin Ther. 2016;38(12):2567-2577. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2016.10.005. https://www.clinicaltherapeutics.com/article/S0149-2918(16)30777-9/fulltext.
  24. Chan CK, Aimagambetova G, Ukybassova T, Kongrtay K and Azizan A. Human Papillomavirus infection and cervical cancer: Epidemiology, screening, and vaccination-review of current perspectives. J Oncol. 2019;3257939:1-11. https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jo/2019/3257939/cta/.
  25. Lismidiati W, Emilia O and Widyawati W. Need vs. financing capability: Human Papillomavirus vaccinations among adolescents. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2019;20(10):2959-2964. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2019.20.10.2959. http://journal.waocp.org/?_action=article&kw=63610&_kw=HPV.
  26. Uedaa M, Hung YC, Teraia Y, Yamaguchia H, Saitoc J, Nunobiki O, Noda S and Uekia M. Fas gene promoter-670 polymorphism in gynecological cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2006;16(1):179-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2005.04.001. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0090825805002441.
  27. Zucchi F, da Silva ID, Ribalta JC, de Souza NC, Speck NM, Girão MJ, Brenna SM, and Syrjänen KJ. Fas/CD95 promoter polymorphism gene and its relationship with cervical carcinoma. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol. 2009;30(2):142-144. PMid: 19480241. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19480241.
  28. Pavlidou E, Daponte A, Egea R, Dardiotis E, Hadjigeorgiou GM, Antonio Barbadilla A and Agorastos T. Genetic polymorphisms of FAS and EVER genes in a Greek population and their susceptibility to cervical cancer: a case control study. BMC Cancer. 2016;16(923):1-7. doi: 10.1186/s12885-016-2960-3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5129199/pdf/12885_2016_Article_2960.pdf.
  29. Farhan MA, Moharram AM, Salah T and Shaaban OM. Types of yeasts that cause vulvovaginal candidiasis in chronic users of corticosteroids. Med Mycol. 2019;57(6):681–687. https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myy117. https://academic.oup.com/mmy/article-abstract/57/6/681/5242116.
  30. Parkpinyo N, Inthasorn P, Laiwejpithaya S and Punnarat T. Benefits of Cervical Cancer Screening by Liquid-Based Cytology as Part of Routine Antenatal Assessment. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2016;17(9):4457-4461. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2016.17.9.4457. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/bc32/63f9284df9ebc2841f821f8f9826b65ecc85.pdf.
  31. Brandolt TM, Klafke GB, Gonçalves CV, Bitencourt LR, de Martinez AMB, Mendes JF, Meireles MCA and Xavier MO. Prevalence of Candida spp. in cervical-vaginal samples and the in vitro susceptibility of isolates. Braz J Microbiol. 2017;48:145-150. http://www.bjmicrobiol.com.br/.
  32. Bitew A and Abebaw Y. Vulvovaginal candidiasis: species distribution of Candida and their antifungal susceptibility pattern. BMC Women's Health. 2016;18(94):1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-018-0607-z. https://bmcwomenshealth.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12905-018-0607-z.
  33. Swidergall M, Khalaji M, Solis NV, Moyes DL, Drummond RA, Hube B, Lionakis MS, Murdoch C, Filler SG, and Naglik JR. Candidalysin is required for neutrophil recruitment and virulence during systemic Candida albicans infection. JID. 2019;220(November 1st):1477-1488. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz322. https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/220/9/1477/5546010.
  34. Sabu S, Nayak DN, Nair S and Shetty R. Role of Papanicolaou smear in the diagnosis of pathologic flora in asymptomatic patients in rural health care set-up. JCDR. 2017;11(10): EC10-EC13, 2017. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2017/25044.10733. https://jcdr.net/article_fulltext.asp?issn=0973709x&year=2017&volume=11&issue=10&page=EC10&issn=0973-709x&id=10733.
  35. Nishimura K, Watanabe S, Hayashida R, Sugishima S, Iwasaka T, and Kaku T. Binucleated HeLa cells are formed by cytokinesis failure in starvation and keep the potential of proliferation. Cytotechnology. 2016;68(4):1123-1130. doi: 10.1007/s10616-015-9869-6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25894790.
  36. Liu Y, Cao C, Zhai P and Zhang Y. Biological characteristics of cervical precancerous cell proliferation. Open Med. 2019;14:362-368. https://doi.org/10.1515/med-2019-0036. https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/med.2019.14.issue-1/med-2019-0036/med-2019-0036.xml

How to Cite

Parwanto, E., Wratsangka, R., Guyansyah, A., Anggraeni, K., Digambiro, R. A., Tjahyadi, D., Arkeman, H., Widyatama, H. G., Edy, H. J., & Edy, Y. J. (2021). The change of cell biometric and its nucleus on cervical-squamous-epithelial-cell with GA genotype of Fas-promoter-670 gene, high-risk human papillomavirus and Candida species infection: a case report. Bali Medical Journal, 10(1), 74–81. https://doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v10i1.2138
ACM ACS APA ABNT Chicago Harvard IEEE MLA Turabian Vancouver
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX

HTML
0

Total
15

Share

Search Panel

Edy Parwanto
Google Scholar
Pubmed
BMJ Journal

Raditya Wratsangka
Google Scholar
Pubmed
BMJ Journal

Assangga Guyansyah
Google Scholar
Pubmed
BMJ Journal

Kirana Anggraeni
Google Scholar
Pubmed
BMJ Journal

Reza Aditya Digambiro
Google Scholar
Pubmed
BMJ Journal

David Tjahyadi
Google Scholar
Pubmed
BMJ Journal

Hanslavina Arkeman
Google Scholar
Pubmed
BMJ Journal

Haryo Ganeca Widyatama
Google Scholar
Pubmed
BMJ Journal

Hosea Jaya Edy
Google Scholar
Pubmed
BMJ Journal

Yosua Jaya Edy
Google Scholar
Pubmed
BMJ Journal