Betel nut (Areca catechu L.) extract toxicity on the kidney and liver of white rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Anak Agung Gde Arjana; I Made Sukada; N. Adi Suratma

doi:10.15562/bmj.v8i2.1462

Betel nut (Areca catechu L.) extract toxicity on the kidney and liver of white rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Anak Agung Gde Arjana ,

I Made Sukada ,

N. Adi Suratma ,

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v8i2.1462 |
Published: 2019-08-01

Abstract

Background: Medication using herbal medicine is one of the alternatives chosen to reduce the adverse effects caused by synthetic drugs. Betel nut (Areca catechu L) usually used as an alternative drug such as anthelmintic and others.

Aim: The study aims to determine the chronic toxicity effect of betel nut.

Method: Five hundred grams of simplicial powder was macerated using 95% ethanol in a container, then sealed and let them for three days. They were protected from light while repeatedly stirred. Rat was given Betel nut extract for three weeks. The histopathological examination was observed under the microscope.

Result: The mean GOT serum, GPT serum, BUN, and creatinine serum levels between control (no extract given) and each dose, i.e., 0.2 ccs, 0.4 ccs, and 0.8 ccs, showed insignificant results (p > 0.05). According to the histopathological observation, there was no difference between control and treatment.

Conclusion: Various orally doses of betel nut extract did not cause toxicity in white rats (rattus novergicus).Â

References

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Kunts, T. Perkembangan Terakhir Diagnostik enzim dan Penyakit Hati. PT. Rajawali Nusindo Indonesia; 1984.
Wardana, I.N.G., Widianti, I.G.A., Wirata, G. Testosterone increases corpus cavernous smooth muscle cells in oxidative stress-induced rodents (Sprague-Dawley). Bali Medical Journal. 2018;7(2):313-322. DOI:10.15562/bmj.v7i2.970
Baynes, J.W., and Dominiczak, M.H. Medical Biochemistry. Second Edition. Philadelphia-London; 2005.
Corwin, E.J. Buku Saku Patofisiologi. Alih Bahasa Brahm. U. Pendit. Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC Jakarta; 2001.
Pravitasari L. Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Air Daun Jambu Biji (Psidium guajava Linn.) Terhadap Kadar Kreatinin dan Ureum Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Jantan. KTI Farmasi UGM Yogyakarta; 2006.
Nuri. Pengembangan Formula Sediaan Fitoterapeutika Terstandar untuk Terapi dari Tanaman Obat di Kabupaten Jember. Jember: Lembaga Penelitian Universitas Jember; 2007.
Kierman, J.A. Histological and Histochemical Methods Theory and Practice. 2nd Ed. Pergumon press; 1993: 330-345.
Wirata G, Santoso PNC, Dewantari PAU. Microstructural aspect of pineal body: the population of pinealocytes. Intisari Sains Medis. 2017;9(1):25-30. DOI: 10.1556/ism.v9i1.151
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Lohith, T.S, Shridar, N.B., Dilip, P., Jayashree, Suhasini., K. Repeated Dose 28-Day Oral Toxicity Study of Raw Areca Nut Extract in Rats. Int.Res.J Pharm, 2013; 4(5): 238-240.
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Fajar, R. Pengaruh Pemberian Lamtoro Merah (Acacia villosa) terhadap Histopatologi Ginjal Tikus (Rattus ratus). Skripsi. FKH IPB; 2004.
Saâ€™roni & Adjirni. Spesifikasi Simplisia Ekstrak etanol biji pinang (Areca catechu L.) Asal Tawangmangu Serta Toksisitas Akut dan Khasiat Hemostatiknya Pada Hewan Coba. Media Litbang Kesehatan, 2005; XV (1): 1-5.
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Pimolpan, P. S., Nithitanakol, Bavovada, R. Hepatoprotective Potential of Extracts from Seed of Areca cathecu and Nutgalls of Quercus infectoria. Molecules, 2009; 14: 4987-5000
Suresh, K.M., & Bhatt, H.V. Analysis and Toxicity of Plain (PM) and Blended (PMT) Indian Pan Masala (PM). The Eurasian Journal of Medicine, 2013; 45: 21-33.

[1] Jaiswal, P, Kumar, P., Singh, V.K., Singh, D.K. Areca catechu L.: A valuable herbal medicine against different health problems. Res. J. Med Plant, 2011; 5: 145-152.

[2] Kunts, T. Perkembangan Terakhir Diagnostik enzim dan Penyakit Hati. PT. Rajawali Nusindo Indonesia; 1984.

[3] Wardana, I.N.G., Widianti, I.G.A., Wirata, G. Testosterone increases corpus cavernous smooth muscle cells in oxidative stress-induced rodents (Sprague-Dawley). Bali Medical Journal. 2018;7(2):313-322. DOI:10.15562/bmj.v7i2.970

[4] Baynes, J.W., and Dominiczak, M.H. Medical Biochemistry. Second Edition. Philadelphia-London; 2005.

[5] Corwin, E.J. Buku Saku Patofisiologi. Alih Bahasa Brahm. U. Pendit. Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC Jakarta; 2001.

[6] Pravitasari L. Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Air Daun Jambu Biji (Psidium guajava Linn.) Terhadap Kadar Kreatinin dan Ureum Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Jantan. KTI Farmasi UGM Yogyakarta; 2006.

[7] Nuri. Pengembangan Formula Sediaan Fitoterapeutika Terstandar untuk Terapi dari Tanaman Obat di Kabupaten Jember. Jember: Lembaga Penelitian Universitas Jember; 2007.

[8] Kierman, J.A. Histological and Histochemical Methods Theory and Practice. 2nd Ed. Pergumon press; 1993: 330-345.

[9] Wirata G, Santoso PNC, Dewantari PAU. Microstructural aspect of pineal body: the population of pinealocytes. Intisari Sains Medis. 2017;9(1):25-30. DOI: 10.1556/ism.v9i1.151

[10] Singh, P., Khan, S., Mittal, R. Prevalence of jaundice based on liver function test in Western Nepal. Bali Medical Journal 2013; 2(2): 72-74.

[11] Lohith, T.S, Shridar, N.B., Dilip, P., Jayashree, Suhasini., K. Repeated Dose 28-Day Oral Toxicity Study of Raw Areca Nut Extract in Rats. Int.Res.J Pharm, 2013; 4(5): 238-240.

[12] Retno, S.W, & Retno, B. Uji Efek Samping Formula Pakan Komplit terhadap Fungsi Hati dan Ginjal Pedet Sapi Friesian Holstein. Bagian Ilmu Kedokteran Dasar Veteriner. FKH UNAIR; 2006.

[13] Fajar, R. Pengaruh Pemberian Lamtoro Merah (Acacia villosa) terhadap Histopatologi Ginjal Tikus (Rattus ratus). Skripsi. FKH IPB; 2004.

[14] Saâ€™roni & Adjirni. Spesifikasi Simplisia Ekstrak etanol biji pinang (Areca catechu L.) Asal Tawangmangu Serta Toksisitas Akut dan Khasiat Hemostatiknya Pada Hewan Coba. Media Litbang Kesehatan, 2005; XV (1): 1-5.

[15] Linawati, Y. Efek Hepetoprotektif Rebusan Herbal Putri Malu (Mimosa pigra L.) pada Tikus Putih Terangsang Parasetamol. Fakultas Farmasi UGM Yogyakarta; 2000.

[16] Laboratorium Prodia Kronik (LPK). Kenalilah Hati Anda; 2006. URL: http://www.prodia.co.id/info-terkini/isi hati.html. [Accessed on May 1, 2013].

[17] Pimolpan, P. S., Nithitanakol, Bavovada, R. Hepatoprotective Potential of Extracts from Seed of Areca cathecu and Nutgalls of Quercus infectoria. Molecules, 2009; 14: 4987-5000

[18] Suresh, K.M., & Bhatt, H.V. Analysis and Toxicity of Plain (PM) and Blended (PMT) Indian Pan Masala (PM). The Eurasian Journal of Medicine, 2013; 45: 21-33.

Betel nut (Areca catechu L.) extract toxicity on the kidney and liver of white rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Abstract

References

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